Air Concept Flashcards by Lorenzo Pirosa

Long-term symptoms from exposure to air polluntans may include ____?

central nervous system damage
endocrine disruption
cancer

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How many deaths are caused by air pollution annually?

50,000 in US 7 million worldwide (1 in 8)

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How much air do we breathe per day?

15,000 liters

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What are the 6 major air pollutants?

SPLONCo

Sulfur
Particultates (PM10 and PM 2.5)
Lead
Ozone
Nitrogen
Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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F01 - Air Quality

p1- VOCs and Formaldehyde limits

p2- Which are the 2 Particulate and the 2 Gases and their limits?

p3- Radon

(Volatile Substance, Particulate and Inorganic Gases, Radon)

p1-

Formaldehyde < 27 ppb
VOCs < 500 µg/m³

p2- CoPPO

CO < 9 ppm
PM _2,5 < 15 µg/m3
PM ₁₀ < 50 µg/m3
O₃ < 51 ppb

p3-

Radon < 4pCi/L
measured at lowest occupied level

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F02 - Smoking Ban (Indoor, Outdoor)

How much does smoking shorten life expectancy?

How much premature deaths?

10 years

400.000 in U.S.

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F02 - Smoking Ban (Indoor, Outdoor)

How many ingredients are in a cigarette and how many are toxic?

600 ingredients 7,000 compounds 69 are known carcinogens

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F02 - Smoking Ban (Indoor, Outdoor)

p1- Smoking indoor is prohibited

p2- Outdoor Ban: How large is the area in which smoking is banned and what we have to include?

p2 - Full Ban within 7,5 m entrances, all patios, operable windows, building air intakes.

Including signs about smoking hazards along all walkways beyond 7,5 m with signs every 30 m

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F03 - Ventilation effectiveness

p1- Mechanical and Natural Ventilation: standards for adequate mechanical and natural ventilation?

p1- Natural Ventilation: ambient air quality within 1 mile is compliant with?

(Ventilation design, Demand Ventilation, System Balancing)

p1-Mech. and Nat. Ventilation → ASHRAE 62.1.2013

p1-Nat. Ventilation → within 1 mile

NAAQs (of EPA’s)
or
passes Feature 01 Air Quality Standard for 95% of all hours in previous year

NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards)

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

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F03 - Ventilation effectiveness (Ventilation design, Demand Ventilation, System Balancing)

p2- Demand Controlled Ventilation system is used to keep CO₂ levels below ___ppm, when the space is ___ or larger and occupancy is more than ___ people per _____

CO₂ < 800 ppm

for spaces:

> 46,5 m²

> 25 ab. / 93 m²

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F03 - Ventilation effectiveness (Ventilation design, Demand Ventilation, System Balancing)

p3- System Balancing: When does HVAC system get tested and balanced? What is the documentation required? (2)

Before occupancy with a:

Letter of Assurance by MEP or Contractor
Commissioning Report

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F04 - VOC Reduction

p1- Interior paints: need to meet 1 of which 3 requirements/standards?

(Paints an Coating, Adeshives and Sealent, Flooring, Insulation, Furnishing)

100% → CARB, SCM or SCAQMD

90% by volume → CDPH

All → ASTM standards

CARB (California Air Resource Board)

SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Management District)

CDPH (California Department of Public Health)

ASTM (American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards)

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What’s ASTM?

American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards

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F04 - VOC Reduction
(Paints an Coating, Adeshives and Sealent, Flooring, Insulation, Furnishing)

p2- Adhesives and Sealants: need to meet 1 of which 3 requirements?

100% → SCAQMD

90% by volume → CDPH

All → ASTM standards

CARB (California Air Resource Board)

SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Management District)

CDPH (California Department of Public Health)

ASTM (American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards)

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F04 - VOC Reduction
(Paints an Coating, Adeshives and Sealent, Flooring, Insulation, Furnishing)

p3 - p4 - Flooring and insulation: both must meet what standard?

all newly installed → CDPH

CDPH (California Department of Public Health)

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F04 - VOC Reduction
(Paints an Coating, Adeshives and Sealent, Flooring, Insulation, Furnishing)

p5 - Furniture must meet what standard?

95% by cost —> ANSI/BIFMA or CDPH

ANSI/BIFMA (Furniture Sustainability Standard)

CDPH (California Department of Public Health)

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F05 - Air Filtration

p1 - Filter Accomodation: What two things must projects with recirculated air systems be able to accomodate?

(Accomodation, Particle, Maintenance)

Rack space for filter and Capacity for future implementation

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F05 - Air Filtration

p2 - Particle Filtration

What size MERV filter is used for outdoor air?

Ambient outdoor PM10 and PM 2.5 levels measured ____ distance from building are measured below F01 Air quality ____how long

(Accomodation, Particle, Maintenance)

MERV 13 or higher

1 mile,

95% of all hours of the last year

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F05 - Air Filtration

p3- How often do projects need to provide IWBI with air filtration maintenance records?

(Accomodation, Particle, Maintenance)

annually

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F06 - Microbe and Mold Control

p1- Device used, in HVAC system to reduce mold? What should be inspected and how often?

p2- Mold inspection mode

(Coil Mold Reduction, Mold inspections)

p1- UVGI (Ultraviolet light) on cooling coils, drain pans ceilings

Quarterly inspections, Yearly submission of photos to IWBI
(if mold is found must clean)

p2- Visual inspections of building for discoloration and mold on walls, floor, ceilings

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F07 - Construction Pollution

p1 - Ducts protection during construction? (2)

p2- Within one year before perfomance verification, If HVAC runs during construction, when are filters replaced?

(Duct Protection, Filter Replacement, Moisture Management, Dust Removal)

p1-

Ducts sealed and protected during construction
or
Cleaned prior to installing grills

p2- Before occupancy

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F07 - Construction Pollution

Within one year before perfomance verification

p3- To protect materials and products from water or moisture provide a___

p4- To contain dust and debris provide (3)___

(Duct Protection, Filter Replacement, Moisture Management, Dust Removal)

p3- Separate area to store and protect materials and products

p4 -

Physical separation of active construction space throug barriers or sealant
Installation of walk-off mats at entrance (tappetini)
Collectors for guard to capture dust

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F08 - Healthy Entrance

p1- To reduce amount of contaminants at all regurarly occupied entrance provide 1 of these 3 strategies___ for a size of____?

p2- To reduce the movement of air from outdoors to indoors with mechanical ventilated 1 of these 3 strategies___(3)

(Entryway Walk-off, Entriway Air Seal)

p1-

Grilles/grates
Rollout mats (tappeto a rotolo)
Any other material as a walk-off system (tappeto)

Size → width = entrance & long > 3 m

p2-

Vestibule with two normally closed door
Revolving entrance door
+3 normally shut doors from the outdoors

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F09 - Cleaning Protocol (Cleaning Plan for Occupied Spaces)

p1- Cleaning Plan - Which (5) elements must be in the plan?

Equipment and Training (Table A4 Appendix C)
List of approved product seals → EPA’s Design for the Environment, UL EcoLogo, or Green Seal (Table A4 Appendix C)
List of high-touch surfaces
Cleaning schedule (programmi)
Cleaning logs (registri)

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F10- Pesticide Management Requires the **elimination** of pesticides/herbicides or the **minimization** of the hazards by\_\_\_

* Creation of a **Management Plan** based on Chapter 3 of San Francisco Environment Code IPM Program or * Use only pesticides with a **hazard tier ranking \< 3** "Table A2 Appendix C"

F10- Pesticide Management Where should you look for a list of acceptable pesticides?

**Pesticide Research Institute's PestSmart** tool or Pesticide Product Evaluator tool

Atrazine

pesticide endocrine disruptor cardiovascular problems

Glyphosate

herbicide RoundUp Kidney problems Reproductive difficulties

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety p1- Asbestos and Lead Restriction - What are the limits? | (Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

No asbestos Lead \< 100 ppm in all newly-installed building materials * exc. Lead \< 0.25% (pipe, plumbing, fixtures) * exc. Lead \< 0.20% (solder or flux in plumbing)

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety p2- Lead Abatement: lead evaluation is conducted following what guidelines? (3) | (Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

Lead abatement in repair, rerenovation, demolition: * EPA lead standards * EPA40 CFR standard * CFR

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety p3- Asbestos Abatement: Requirements for buildings constructed prior to asbestos law\_\_\_ (3) | (Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

* Inspections every 3 years by Accredited asbestos professional (AHERA's, NESHAP or local consultant) * Development, maintenance and update of Asbestos Management Plans (in accordance with AHERA) * Conduct post-abatement clearance (smaltimento) (in accordance with AHERA) AHERA = Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety p4- PCBs abatement; when, and according to which standard? | (Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

Buildings between 1950 and banning laws * Standard EPA's Steps to Safe PCB

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety p5- Mercury Limitation - which products should be **avoided**? (3) | (Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

* Thermometers * Mercury lamps * LED

F12 - Moisture Management p1- Project team must produce a Narrative how **exterior** liquid is addressed for which (4) ? | (Exterior, Interior, Condensation, Material)

EPA's “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design" 1. Site Drainage and Irrigation 2. Local Water Table (Falda) 3. Building Penetrations 4. Porous exterior materials

F12 - Moisture Management p2- Project team must produce a Narrative how **interior** liquid is addressed for which (4) ? | (Exterior, Interior, Condensation, Material)

EPA's “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design" 1. Plumbing leaks 2. Hard-piped appliances (tubi) 3. Porous interior materials 4. New building materials wetted during construction

F12 - Moisture Management p3- Project team must produce a Narrative addressing source of condensation concerning (4) ? | (Exterior, Interior, Condensation, Material)

EPA's “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design" * high relative humidity * air leakage * cooler surfaces * oversized Air conditioning

F12 - Moisture Management p4- Project team must produce a Narrative which **materials** are protected (5)? | (Exterior, Interior, Condensation, Material)

EPA's “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design" * Absorptive materials during construction * Exposed entryways and glazing porous * Cladding material (rivestimenti) * Interior sheathing (guaine) * Finished floors in potentially wet room

F13 - Air Flush Once construction is completed to remove VOCs and pollutants, an air flush process is conducted before occupancy with indoor air temperature of ___ and humidity \_\_\_\_\_ a. Single-part (before occupancy) air flush? b. Two-part air flush (I) + (II)

temperature \> 15°C humidity \< 60% a. Volume of air of 4266 m³per m²of floor area b. Totale Volume (I) 1066 m³/m² of floor + (II) 3200 m³ /m² of floor (0,1 m³ per minute)

F14 - Air Infiltration Management **Envelope Commissioning Test** is performed \_\_\_\_\_(when), according to \_\_\_\_\_and what\_\_\_\_\_?

After substantial completion but **Before occupancy** **Commissioning Test** in according to ASHRAE 0-2005 and NIBS 3-2012.

F15 - Increased Ventilation p1 - One of the following: Buildings must supply fresh air \_\_\_% or project have to follow \_\_\_?

30% higher of F03 Ventilation effectiveness ( ASHRAE 62) CIBSE AM10 Section 4 (Natural ventilation)

F16 - Humidity Control HVAC must maintain Relative humidity between \_\_\_ or Modelled humidity software to verify Relative humidity\_\_\_ for what period of time\_\_?

* 30% to 50% all time or * 30% to 50% for 95% of all annual business hours

An increase in Humidity by \_\_\_% can lead to formaldehyde + \_\_\_.

35% humidity → formaldehyde + 1.8 to 2.6

F17 - Direct Source Ventilation (Pollution isolation) p1 - a) which rooms need to be separated (3) b) what are the potential contaminants (3) c) what methods of separation can be used

a) cleaning and chemical storage units, bathrooms, printer/copier rooms b) VOCs, Ozone, mold c) self-closing doors, expelling/exhausting the air, no recirculation

F18 - Air Quality Monitoring p1 - **Indoor** a) which pollutants are measured (3) b) how often is data collected c) who is data sent to and how often? | (Indoor, Air Data Record, Measures Display)

a) CoPPO₂(CO₂, PM, Ozone) b) one per hour c) sent to IWBI and occupants annually

F18 - Air Quality Monitoring p2 - Data Recording requires a\_\_\_\_ and records must be kept for? p3- Requires that occupants can see real-time information about\_\_\_ on a display of\_\_\_for every ___ m²of occupied space | (Indoor, Air Data Record, Measures Display)

p2- **Written policy** and **records** kept up to **3 years** p3- * temperature * humidity * CO₂(dioxide) one display of 15x13 cm every 930 m²

F19 - Operable Windows Integrate operable windows (comfort + air regulation) into a building, but evaluates (3)? | (Full Control, Air measurement, Window operation)

Temperature, humidity, and contaminant levels in outdoor air

F19 - Operable Windows p2- Outdoor levels of **what** (4) parameters are measured, and **where** p3- A software on occupant's smartphone/pc to\_\_\_when\_\_\_\_ | (Full Control, Air measurement, Operation Management)

p2- Within 1 mile * temperature * humidity * PM₁₀ * Ozone p3- discourage opening windows when the parameters are: * temperature +-8°C (of indoor) * humidity \> 60% * PM10 \> 50µg/m³ * Ozone \> 51ppb

F20 - Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) DOAS should be verified by 1 of 2 \_\_\_\_(2)

* Complies with local standards or * Design review by mechanical engineer DOAS (Dedicated outdoor air system) = HVAC system that provides better air infiltration at lower energy

F21 - Displacement Ventilation p1- a. Which are the two Displacement Ventilation Systems? b. Which design standards need to meet ? p2- Which are the 2 requirements for projects with D.V. S.? | (Design, Performance)

p1- Design standard: a. Low sidewall air distribution system → System Performance Evaluation & ASHRAE RP949 b. UFAD system → ASHRAE UFAD p2- Two requirements: * CFD analysis (Computational Fluid Dynamic) * 75% of occupied space must meet → Thermal Comfort ASHRAE 55-2013

F22 - Pest Control p1- Perishable food must stored (where) ___ and all indoor garbage (except paper) bins **\> 113 L** must have a **lid**. If bin **\< 113 L** must have a \_\_\_\_\_ p2- Visual inspections to verify\_\_\_\_ | (Reduction, Inspection)

p1- * in sealed containers * lid operable without hands or * pull-out drawer (cassetto estraibile) p2- absence of cockroach, termite

F23- Advanced Air Purification To reduce VOCs in the indoor air, buildings which **recirculate air use** p1- One of the following methods:\_\_\_\_ (2) p2- Spaces with **more than 10 occupants**, use one of the following \_\_\_(2) p3- Documentation required? | (Carbon Filtration, Air Sanitization, Air Quality Maintenance)

p1- * Activated Carbon Filter in air ducts * Standalone air purifier with a carbon filter in all regularly occupied spaces p2- * UVGI (Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation) * Photocatalytic oxidation p3- * Annually Records of air filtration/sanitization maintenance

F24 - Combustion minimization p1- What is forbidden in regularly occupied spaces? p2- All combustion equipment (boilers, furnaces, internal combustion, water heaters) used for heating, cooling, water-heating, must meets ___ ? p3- What should be visible from parking areas? | (Ban, Low-Emission Combustion Sources, Engine Exhaust Reduction, Construction Equipment)

p1- * Combustion-based equip (**fireplaces**-fornelli **stoves/ranges** - cucine/fornello **space heaters** - stufe portatili **oven** - forno) p2- * SCAQMD (California’s South Coast Air Quality Management District) p3- * Signage → NO Idling of vehicle for \> 30 seconds

F24 - Combustion minimization (Ban, Low-Emission Combustion Sources,Engine Exhaust Reduction, Construction Equipment) p4- Within one year prior performance verification, To reduce PM emissions **diesel fueled vehicles** must meet \_\_\_\_\_?

p4- * Non-road vehicles → **EPA** Tier 4 PM **emissions** standards or local equivalent when applicable. * On-road vehicles → **EPA** model year 2007 **on**-**road** standards for PM * Both vehicles → loading/unloading away from air intakes

F25 - Toxic Material Reduction (Perfluorinated Compound, Halogenated Flame, Phthalate, Isocyanate-Based Polyurethane, Urea-Formaldehyde) p1- Furnishing with Perfluorinated (PFCs) \< ? p2- Products with Halogenated Flame Retardant \< ? p3- Plastic Products with Phthalate \< ? p4- Interior finishes Isocyanate-Based Polyurethane ? p5- Wood Products Urea-Formaldehyde \< ?

* **Perfluorinated** (PFCs) \< 100 ppm for 5% of all furnishing by weight * **Halogenated Flame Retardant** \< 100 ppm * **Phthalate** \< 100 ppm * NO **Isocyanate-Based Polyurethane** * **Urea-Formaldehyde** \< 100 ppm (thermal insulation, furniture, laminating adhesives and resins)

F26 - Enhanced Material Safety At least \_\_\_of all furnishings, built-in furniture, interior finishes, and finish materials must meet one or more of (3) \_\_\_?

* 25% **by cost (product cost and no weight)** * Have "Internationl Living Future Institute" or a "Declare" * "Cradle to Cradle Certified™" products * Have no "GreenScreen®" over 1,000 ppm

F27 - Antimicrobial Activity for Surfaces (High-Touch Surfaces) p1- Antimicrobial strategies to High touch surfaces one of (2):

* abrasion - resistant and non-leaching material → approved by EPA or * cleaned with UV cleaning device

F28 - Cleanable Environment p1- Expand Feature 09 Cleaning Protocol with requirements for High-touch and non-porous surfaces (3) p2- Space to allow for easy cleaning with (3) design strategies: Documentation? | (Material Properties, Cleanability)

p1- (**superfici facili da pulire, lisce e senza difetti**) * Smooth and free of defects surfaces * Smooth welds and joints * No corner and crevices p2- * Carpet easy to clean/remove (es. vinyl tile) * Storage for movable items * 90° angles walls - windows/floors are sealed. Documentation required: letter of assurance and spot check

F29 - Cleaning Equipment p1- Once a building is constructed, cleaning equipment minimum requirements (3) p2- Requires that \_\_\_and\_\_\_\_products be kept separate and have a label that specify that they must not be mixed | (Equipment Cleaning, Chemical Storage)

p1- * Mops and rags should be microfiber (denier \< 1.0) * Vacuum with HEPA filters (aspirapolvere) * Mops not wrung by hand (straccio da non strizzare a mano) p2- Bleach and Ammonia (candeggina e ammoniaca) denier = the smaller the number the thinner the fiber)

CO (Carbon monoxide) has ____ times the binding affinity for ____ compared to \_\_\_\_\_, so it prevents oxygen from being delivered to parts of the body, and leading to hypoxia.

210 hemoglobin oxygen

Hypoxia

lack of oxygen delivered to tissues (due to CO) causes nausea, loss of consciousness and death

Poor ventilation can expose humans to: (3)

VOCs Microbial Pathogens Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

VOCs include (2):

benzene formaldehyde

VOCs can be ____ times higher inside than outside

VOC required documentation (2)

LOA Architect LOA Contractor

Carbon filters treat

VOCs, large PMs

Media filters treat

small PMs

Air filtration required documentation (3)

LOA Engineer Operating Schedule Spot Check

Construction Pollution Management required documentation (1)

LOA Contractor

Entryway Air Seal. Three ways to do this:

vestibule with 2 normal doorways revolving doors 3 normal doors with a separator

Air Filtration Management required document (1)

annotated documents: commissioning report

Displacement Ventilation system performance requirements (2)

p2- Two requirements: * CFD analysis (Computational **Fluid Dynamic**) * 75% of occupied space must meet → Thermal Comfort ASHRAE 55-2013

Number of Preconditions and Optimizations

**1-12** (P) **13-29** (O)

Air pollution contributes to\_\_\_ premature deaths in the U.S. and \_\_\_\_mln worldwide

50.000 U.S. 7 milion worldwide

Flame-retardant chemicals be dangerous, why?

They bioaccumulate in fat and result in food chain contamination, including human milk

Which percentage of cost must be spend for meet one of the voluntary material reporting programs listed in the requirements for feature 26, Enhanced Material Safety?

25%

Under which standard is building **envelope commissioning** of a commercial office project performed after substantial completion?

ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005

Air Concept Flashcards

(76 cards)