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Environmental Science (MIDTERMS REVIEW) > Air Pollution > Flashcards

Air Pollution Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances that are harmful to the health of living organisms and the non-living things.

A

Air pollution

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2
Q

Are any harmful substance like certain chemicals or waste products that renders the air soil water or other natural resources.

A

Pollutants

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3
Q

Also known as smog (combination of smoke and fog), it can harm plants, animals, and human beings.

A

Ground-level ozone

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4
Q

Is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas and is toxic to animals and human beings. Also known as the “silent killer”

A

Carbon monoxide

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5
Q

Is made of tiny carbon particles created by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.

A

Soot

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6
Q

Is a gaseous air pollutant composed of nitrogen and oxygen.

A

Nitrogen Oxide

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7
Q

Is a gaseous air pollutant composed of sulfur and oxygen. It is a colorless gas with a pungent odor.

A

Sulfur Dioxide

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8
Q

It can adversely affect the nervous system, kidney function, immune system, reproductive and developmental systems, and the cardiovascular system.

A

Lead

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9
Q

Two Causes of Air Pollution

A

✓ Human Activities
✓ Natural Environment

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10
Q

CATEGORIES OF AIR POLLUTANTS

Are air pollutants DIRECTLY EMITTED from a source.

A

Primary Pollutant

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11
Q

Are air pollutants that are not directly emitted as such but forms when two primary pollutants react in the atmosphere.

A

Secondary Pollutants

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12
Q

Is a mixture of different gases in the atmosphere.

A

Air

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13
Q

Composition of Air

A

21% Oxygen, 78% Nitrogen

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14
Q

The horizontal motion of air due to the pressure difference between two places.

A

Wind

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15
Q

Is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.

A

Aerosol

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16
Q

Fog, mist, and dust are an example of _______ aerosol.

A

Natural Aerosol

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17
Q

Smoke, Sprayed Pesticides, and Particulate air pollutants are an example of _____________ Aerosol.

A

Anthropogenic Aerosol

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18
Q

The amount of water the air can hold before it rains.

A

Relative humidity

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19
Q

Air pollution is the ______ largest threat to human health.

A

Fourth (4th)

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20
Q

7 Sources of Air Pollution

A
  1. Natural Sources
  2. Agricultural Sources
  3. Domestic Sources
  4. Commercial Sources
  5. Industrial Sources
  6. Transportation-Related Sources
  7. Man-Made Sources
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21
Q

Wildfires, volcanic activity, vegetation, animals, and dust from places without vegetation are an example of _______ Sources of Air Pollution.

A

Natural Sources

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22
Q

Are also called anthropogenic sources which include naturally occurring pollutants released from human activities.

A

Man-Made Sources

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23
Q

Are also called household sources of pollution, which include fuel for cooking, heating and lighting of incense, use of pesticides and chemicals for cleaning, etc.

A

Domestic Sources

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24
Q

Commercial and residential contribute ________ % of 2020 greenhouse gas emission.

A

13%

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25
Agriculture contributes ______ % of 2020 greenhouse gas emissions.
11%
26
Industries contribute ______ % of 2020 greenhouse gas emission.
24%
27
Transportation contributes _______ % of 2020 greenhouse gas emissions.
27%
28
Health Effects of Air Pollution.
• Respiratory Problems • CardioVascular Problems • Cancer • Reproductive Problems • Neurological Problems • Allergies and Skin Problems
29
What does PAHS mean?
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
30
Effects on Animals and Plants of Air Pollution
• Climate Change • Harm to Wildlife • Effects on Weather Patterns • Damage to crops and forest • Habitat Destruction • Biodiversity Loss
31
Two Types of Air Pollutans
1. Particulate Pollutants 2. Gaseous Pollutants
32
Is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air.
Particulate Pollutants
33
Are particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers in diameter.
PM10
34
Are particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.
PM2.5
35
What is TLVS?
Threshold Limit Values
36
Is a gas composed of three atoms of oxygen.
Ozone
37
Is a naturally-occuring chemical element found in rock in the earth's crust, including in deposits of coal.
Mercury
38
Colorless, odorless gas that occurs abundantly in nature and as a product of certain human activities.
Methane
39
A wear mechanism that is caused by the inclusion of hard particles between two sliding or rolling surfaces.
Abrasion
40
Laying down of sediment or particulate matter on the surfaces of materials.
Deposition and removal
41
Is the process of substances reacting directly with another material that results in chemical degradation or change.
Direct chemical attack
42
Is the process of substances reacting directly with another material that results in chemical degradation or change.
Direct Chemical Attack
43
Is the process of substances reacting indirectly with another substance, which in turn, results in a new substance that could then directly damage said materials.
Indirect Chemical Attack
44
A chemical or electrochemical reaction which results in the degradation of materials that is almost unique to metals.
Corrosion
45
Effects of Air Pollution on Materials
Abrasion Deposition and Removal Direct Chemical Attack Indirect Chemical Attack Corrosion
46
The techniques employed to reduce or eliminate the emission into the atmosphere of substances that can harm the environment or human health.
Air pollution control
47
Two controlling measures for air pollution
Preventive measures Control measures
48
Mainly aimed at correction right at the source so there will be lesser amount of pollutant emitted.
Preventive measures
49
The most common method of eliminating and reducing pollutants to an acceptable level.
Control Measures
50
Five Natural Cleansing of the Atmosphere
Gravitational Settling Absorption Rainout Adsorption Dispersion
51
It reduces the concentration of air pollutants at one place although it does not remove them from the environment as a whole.
Dispersion
52
This process helps in removing flocculated particles formed by unit team of smaller particles over larger particles, till a flock particle, large and heavy enough to settle out under gravity is formed.
Gravitational Settling
53
This phenomenon takes place below the cloud level, when falling rain drops absorb pollutants, and is also known as washouts or scavenging.
Absorption
54
This process involves precipitation above the cloud level where submicron particles present in the atmosphere in the cloud serve as condensation nuclei around which drops of water may form and fallout as raindrop.
Rainout
55
The phenomenon in which the gaseous, liquid, or solid pollutants present in the ambient air are kept attached, generally electrostatically by a surface where they are concentrated and retained.
Adsorption
56
It refers to all the activities a regulatory authority undertakes to help protect human health and the environment from the harmful effects of air pollution.
Air Quality Management Process
57
Are tiny particles and droplets in the air that are made up of hundreds of different.
Particulate emissions.
58
Is a specially designed closed chamber in which the velocity of the inlet gas is transformed into spinning vortex and the particles from the gas are thrown out under the centrifugal force.
Cyclone separator
59
Is utilized to separate the particulate matter from the gas.
Centrifugal force
60
It works on the principle of electrical charging of the particulate matter and collecting it on a differently charged collecting surface.
Electrostatic Precipitators
61
It outs the particulate matter from the gas stream and allow clear gas to flow.
Fabric filters
62
Particulate matter are incorporated into liquid droplets and thus are removed from the gas steam.
Scrubbers
63
What are the commonly used adsorbents?
Activated carbon Activated alumina Silica gel
64
It is used to control gaseous pollutants in petrochemical, fertilizers, paint, and varnish industry.
Combustion
65
Transporting the pollutants over larger distances, and thus, reducing the pollution near the emission source. - Method that is largely adopted in developing countries.
Air Quality Control by Dilution
66
Clean Air Act of the Philippines
Republic Act 8749
67
DENR
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
68
DoTr
Department of Transportation
69
DTI
Department of Trade and Industry
70
DoE
Department of Energy
71
DOST
Department of Science and Technology
72
PSA
Philippine Statistics Authority
73
LGU
Local Government Units
74
Fines and Penalties for Violations of Other Provisions in the Act
Not less than 10,000 but not more than 100,000 or 6 years imprisonment
75
Penalty for Burning of Municipal Waste
2 years & 1 day to 4 years imprisonment
76
Penalty for Burning Hazardous Substances and Wastes
4 years & 1 day to 6 years imprisonment
77
Penalties for Burning Bio-Medical Waste
4 years & 1 day to 6 years imprisonment
78
Penalty for Smoking in Public Places
6 months & 1 day to 1 year imprisonment or 10,000 pesos
79
Penalty for Manufacture, Importation, Sale, Offer for Sale, Introduction into Commerce, Conveyance or other Disposition of Leader Gasoline
3 years & 1 day to 5 years imprisonment
80
Penalty for Manufacture, Processing, Trade of Fuel or Fuel Additive without Prior Registration of the Fuel or Fuel Additive with the DOE
2 years & 1 day to 4 years imprisonment
81
Penalty for Misfuelling
1 year & 1 day to 3 years imprisonment or 20,000 pesos
82
Climate Change Act of 2009
Republic Act 9729
83
Is a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for Filipinos
Clean Air Act

Environmental Science (MIDTERMS REVIEW) (7 decks)

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