- protein spikes: HA (H) spikes NA (N) spikes - antigenic variation - involving genetic recombination & formation of hybrid viruses

- Ability to multiple in ciliated epithelial cells of respiratory tract - has spikes !

- fever, headache, fatigue, dry cough, loss of taste and smell - shortness of breathe —> respiratory failure - septic shock —> multiple organ failure (in severe cases)

- 80% needs no treatment - severe cases ; antivirals, steroids, antibodies

Airborne Viral diseases Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

CA - Influenza

Influenza virus
- enveloped, 8 RNA segments, spikes

Influenza types A,B,C,D - based on capsid protein

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VF - influenza

protein spikes:
HA (H) spikes
NA (N) spikes
antigenic variation - involving genetic recombination & formation of hybrid viruses

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Sxs - influenza

Acute sxs
Chills, fever, headache, muscle aches

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Prevention - influenza

Multivalent vaccine, nasal spray flu vaccine (it is a live, weakened virus)

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Pre-disposing factors - influenza

Very young & elderly

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Reservoirs - influenza

1 - human
2 - birds, farm animals

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Transmission - influenza

Droplet & airborne transmission

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Treatment - influenza

Antivirals

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Diagnosis - influenza

Difficult to diagnose bc of acute sxs

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Misc - influenza

Type A - most caused flu pandemic
Spanish flu pandemic killed more than 20 million people (in 1918)

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CA - covid 19

SARS-CoV-2
- single strand RNA, enveloped, spikes

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VF - covid

Ability to multiple in ciliated epithelial cells of respiratory tract
has spikes !

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Reservoir - Covid

1- animals (bats!!!, intermediate animal hosts)
2- humans

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Transmission - covid

Zoonotic, droplet transmission, fomites, airborne

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SARS - covid

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

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MERS - covid

Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome

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Prevention - covid

Practice good respiratory hygiene (wash hands, maintain social distancing)
- vaccines !

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Incubation period - covid

Average 4-5 days
Up to 14 days

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Sxs - covid

fever, headache, fatigue, dry cough, loss of taste and smell
shortness of breathe —> respiratory failure
septic shock —> multiple organ failure (in severe cases)

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Pre-disposing factors - covid

Crowds, poor health

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Diagnosis - covid

PCR & antigen, antibody tests

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Treatment - covid

80% needs no treatment
severe cases ; antivirals, steroids, antibodies

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CA - smallpox

AKA Variola
Variola virus
- enveloped, DNA virus

Variola major - 20-60% mortality
Variola minor - <1% mortality

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VF - smallpox

Produces protein called SPICE (Small pox inhibitor of compliment enzymes)

What does SPICE do? It inhibits compliment protein activation

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Transmission - smallpox

Airborne

Sxs - smallpox

Viremia: skin infections & pus-filled lesions

Diagnosis - smallpox

Serological tests

Prevention - smallpox

Vaccine= live Vaccinia virus (cowpox virus) Has mild to sever side effects

Misc - smallpox

- highly infectious - potential for bioterrorism - completely eradicated from human population

CA - chickenpox

Varicella Zoster virus - herpesviridae family - HHV-3 - enveloped DNA

VF - chickenpox

- multiplies in epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract —> viremia —> targets skin —> rash - virus becomes latent in CNS (hides in nervous system)

Reservoir - chickenpox

Humans

Transmission - chickenpox

Droplet

Sxs - chickenpox

Fever, headache, itchy raised rash, fluid filled vesicles on face, chest, and back

Diagnosis - chickenpox

Based on type of rash & location

Predisposing factors - chickenpox

Daycare centers

Prevention - chickpox

Varicella vaccine - live attenuated vaccine

What is called when scab falls off? - chickenpox

Pockmark

Incubation period - chickenpox

10-21 days

Treatment - chickenpox

- Calamine lotion to relieve itching - non-aspirin medication in children (otherwise may get brain dysfunction)

Chickenpox is AKA

Varicella

Shingles is AKA

Herpes zoster

CA - shingles

Reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus

Misc - shingles

Reactivation - virus travels along sensory nerves of the skin - limited to one side of the body

Sxs - shingles

- band-like rash - fluid filled raised rash - very painful (post-hermetic neuralgia) - blisters scab in 7-10 days

Pre-disposing factors - shingles

Elderly & stress —> weak immune system —> Reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus

Diagnosis - shingles

Based on sxs (type of rash & location)

Prevention - shingles

Via shingles/zoster vaccine called Shingrix

Treatment - shingles

Antiviral drugs may relieve/supress sxs (Only management) EX. Acyclovir

Measles AKA

Rubeola (AKA ruby, the mom)

CA - measles

Rubeola virus - enveloped, spikes, RNA virus - antigenic stable (there’s a vaccine, not like influenza)

VF - measles

H & F protein spikes allow for attachment

Reservoir - measles

Humans

Transmission - measles

Droplet - virus enter blood stream (Viremia) which targets the skin —> rash

Incubation period - measles

10-21 days

Sxs - measles

- HIGH FEVER, runny nose, dry cough, CONJUNCTIVITIS - koplik spots (husband) - clustered white lesions on oral mucosal (inside cheeks) - MERGING MACULAR rash - starts on face, neck, trunk, extremities

Diagnosis - measles

Based on sxs (-koplik spots in mouth and type of rash + location) ; serological tests

Treatment - measles

No Rx available - supportive care only

Prevention - measles

1. Monovalent measles vaccine (contains a single strain of pathogen) 2. MMR vaccine

Misc - measles

- encephalitis in 1 out of 1000 cases - viral pneumonia aka atypical pneumonia

rubella AKA as

German measles OR 3 day measles (Aka Ruby’s daughter)

CA - rubella

Rubella virus - non-enveloped, NO spikes, RNA virus

Reservoir - rubella

Humans

Transmission - rubella

Droplet

Incubation period - rubella

2 - 3 weeks

Sxs - rubella

- MILD/NO FEVER, runny nose, cough, CONJUNCTIVITIS - DISCRETE MACULAR rash (3-5 days) starts on face, neck, trunk, extremities

Diagnosis - rubella

Based on sxs(discrete macular rash); serology

Treatment - rubella

No specific Rx available - supportive care only

Prevention - rubella

MMR vaccine

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

- maternal infection during 1st trimester - fetal damage - baby will have cataracts, cardiac abnormalities, deafness, intellectual disabilities - 15% mortality within 1st year of life

Misc - rubella

Infections confer for life long immunity

Airborne Viral diseases Flashcards

Influenza, covid-19, smallpox, chickenpox, shingles, measles, rubella (71 cards)