Airway Review

Question 0

What are abnormal upper airway sounds?

Answer 0

Stridor-high pitched musical sound

Question 1

How do you assess shortness of breath issues?

Answer 1

Lung sounds
Pulse rate
Spo2

Question 2

What are abnormal lower airway sounds?

Answer 2

Wheezing-high pitched sound on inspiration, expiration, or both
Rhonchi-low pitched continuous sound resulting from mucus or fluid
Crackles-(rales) airflow causes fluid to move into the lower airways

Question 3

What issues could arise from facial injuries?

Answer 3

Nasal airways should not be used with any kind of facial bone injuries or basal skull fracture. Blood and teeth in the airway is also a possibility and should be checked.

Question 4

What are abnormal respiratory patterns?

Answer 4

Cheyne-stokes
Kussmaul
Biot
Apneustic
Agonal gasps

Question 5

Describe cheyne-stokes respirations.

Answer 5

Gradually increasing rate and depth of respirations followed by a gradual decrease of respirations with intermittent periods of apnea

Question 6

Describe kussmaul respirations.

Answer 6

Deep, rapid respirations. Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 7

Describe biot respirations.

Answer 7

Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

Question 8

Describe apneustic respirations.

Answer 8

Prolonged gasping inhalation followed by short, ineffective exhalation.

Question 9

How do you treat acute mountain sickness?

Answer 9

Remove them from the area, give positive pressure ventilations, and consider the use of a hyperbaric chamber.

Question 10

What should you remember regarding stylet use?

Answer 10

Don’t let the end past Murphy’s eye.

Hold the tube in place when you withdraw the stylet.

Question 11

What is the preferred method for ventilations for an unconscious patient for maximum volume?

Answer 11

Mouth to mask

Question 12

What do pale, greasy bowel movements indicate?

Answer 12

Cystic fibrosis

Question 13

What are vesicular sounds?

Answer 13

Heard over most of the lung fields and are the major normal breath sound. They are low pitched and soft.

Question 14

What are bronchial sounds?

Answer 14

Heard only over the trachea. Highest in pitch.

Question 15

What are bronchivesicular sounds?

Answer 15

Heard over the major bronchi and are louder than vesicular sounds. Considered to be medium pitch.

Question 16

Where does pneumonia rank in the geriatric community?

Answer 16

fourth

Question 17

How do you treat snoring?

Answer 17

Head tilt chin lift or jaw thrust.

Check airway for partial obstructions.

Question 18

When should you place an NPA instead of an OPA? And vice versa?

Answer 18

Do not place an NPA with a basalar skull fracture or facial injuries.
Do not place an OPA with an intact gag reflex.

Question 19

What is a complication of sedating for intubation?

Answer 19

Aspiration and hypotension

Question 20

What should you be careful of when extubating?

Answer 20

Laryngospasm

Question 21

What is a common respiration pattern with increased ICP?

Answer 21

Ataxic Biots

Question 22

What action does albuterol have?

Answer 22

Bronchodilation

Question 23

What are the sizes of ET tubes?

Answer 23

2.5-9.0
Adults: 5.0-9.0 cuffed
Pedi: 2.5-4.5 uncuffed

Question 24

What is the normal ET tube size for men? And women?

Answer 24

Men: 8.0 Women: 7.5 You can go up or down .5 in either direction for different size patients.

Question 25

Why and when does cor pulmonare occur?

Answer 25

It occurs with emphysema because it destroys capillaries.

Question 26

When is the glottic opening the largest?

Answer 26

Inspiration

Question 27

What are the contraindications for an automatic transport ventilator in an emergency transport?

Answer 27

Children under 5

Question 28

What will a pulmonary embolism do to the heart? And what is a sign of that?

Answer 28

It causes blood to back up to the right side of the heart. | JVD is a sign

Question 29

What are indicators of appropriate ventilations?

Answer 29

Equal chest rise Change in skin color Increased spo2

Question 30

What are cheyne-stokes respirations a sign of?

Answer 30

Brain stem injury

Question 31

What does a BVM not need to function?

Answer 31

O2 supply

Question 32

If a patient presents with increased co2 and o2 is good, what should you do?

Answer 32

Increase ventilations

Question 33

What does Lou Gehrig's disease present with?

Answer 33

Patient unable to thrive or talk

Question 34

What impact does rib fracture have on breathing?

Answer 34

Less diffusion

Question 35

What are complications of needle cric?

Answer 35

Barotrauma due to overinflation ``` Bad placement Bleeding Laceration of jugular vein Damage to thyroid gland Damage to vagus nerve ```

Question 36

What is the procedure for nasal intubation?

Answer 36

Oxygenate the patient while tube is lubricated. Insert tube into largest nostril. Palpate the larynx while listening for air flow over the tube. Ventilate the patient and confirm placement.

Question 37

What does Cushings disease result from?

Answer 37

Long term corticosteroid use

Question 38

How do you treat hyperventilation syndrome?

Answer 38

Coach them to calm down and slow ventilations

Question 39

How do you clear a stoma?

Answer 39

Soft tip catheter suction

Question 40

What are the side effects of an inhaler?

Answer 40

Tachycardia Hypertension Dysrhythmias

Question 41

What kind of problem is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 41

Nerve problem

Question 42

What's the difference between pneumothorax and bronchitis?

Answer 42

Pneumothorax will have absent or diminished lung sounds on one side

Question 43

What is FIO2?

Answer 43

Fraction of inspired o2 content

Question 44

What causes stridor?

Answer 44

Upper airway swelling or partial obstruction

Question 45

How do you treat ARDS?

Answer 45

Use anti inflammatory drugs | Or corticosteroids

Question 46

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 46

High Fever Pleuritic chest pain Productive cough

Question 47

With shortness of breath, what would the pulse be like in adults? And children?

Answer 47

Tachycardic | For children, tachycardic then bradycardic quickly

Question 48

If you hear fluid in the bases of the lungs, what does that indicate?

Answer 48

Probably aspirated pneumonia.

Question 49

What breath sound would you hear if the patient had pulmonary edema?

Answer 49

Crackles

Question 50

What are key differences between chronic bronchitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia?

Answer 50

Chronic bronchitis - no fever Bronchitis - inflammation, fever, greenish phlegm Pneumonia - brown sputum, higher fever

Question 51

What is wheezing? (Physically)

Answer 51

Bronchiospasms resulting from collapsing bronchioles

Question 52

How do you measure ETT diameter for appropriate size?

Answer 52

It should be the diameter of the patients pinky

Question 53

What is the formula for minute volume?

Answer 53

Tidal volume x respiratory rate = minute volume

Question 54

What is the formula for how long an oxygen tank will last?

Answer 54

[(tank size - safe residual) x constant] / Lpm

Question 55

What is the primary assessment tool for someone with difficulty breathing?

Answer 55

Listening to lung sounds

Question 56

What is one reason the ETT is better than the cobra airway?

Answer 56

You can give meds down the ETT.

Question 57

If you have gastric distention in an unresponsive patient, what should you do?

Answer 57

Use an ng tube

Question 58

A c7 spinal injury would result in what?

Answer 58

The patient will hypoventilate because of not receiving information from the intercostal muscles

Question 59

What causes stridor?

Answer 59

Upper airway narrowing