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Paramedic Class > Basic Anatomy > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Manufacture proteins

A

Ribosomes

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2
Q

Necessary for cell division

A

Centrioles

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3
Q

Manufactures lipids, responsible for maintaining cell walls.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

Manufactures proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface. Proteins are for export

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

Not attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum, these manufacture protein for the cell itself.

A

Free ribosomes

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6
Q

“Quality control” for produced proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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7
Q

Contains enzymes that break down part of a cell.

A

Lysosomes

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8
Q

Basic fuel of the body

A

ATP - Adenosine TriPhosphate

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9
Q

What produces ATP?

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

What cells form bones?

A

Osteoblasts

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11
Q

Tissue covering body surfaces, internal organs, and make up the glands.

A

Epithelial tissue

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12
Q

Tissues filling the internal spaces of the body, bind, support, and protect body structures.

A

Connective tissues

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13
Q

Tissues including skeletal muscles, heart, and muscular walls of hollow organs.

A

Muscle tissues

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14
Q

Tissues carrying information from one part of the body to another.

A

Nervous tissues.

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15
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, face, thoracic cage, and vertebral column

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16
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

The arms, legs, their connection points, and the pelvis.

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17
Q

What is the hilum?

A

The point of entry into the lungs.

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18
Q

What is the typical resting tidal volume?

A

500 mL

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19
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Amount of air moved in one breath.

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20
Q

What does a chronotropic effect do?

A

Effects rate of heart contraction

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21
Q

What does a dromotropic effect do?

A

Effects rate of electrical conduction

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22
Q

What does an inotropic effect do?

A

Effects strength of contraction

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23
Q

What response does alpha1 stimulation produce?

A

Vasoconstriction and increase in sweat gland activity

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24
Q

What response does alpha2 stimulation produce?

A

Blocks norepinephrine release

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25
What response does beta1 stimulation produce?
In the heart, increase in rate, force, and electrical activity. In vessels, vasodilation.
26
What response does beta2 stimulation produce?
Bronchodilation and glycogenolysis
27
What response does beta3 stimulation produce?
Glycogenolysis
28
What are the four catecholemines?
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
29
What is the innermost layer of a vessel?
Tunica intima
30
What is the middle layer of the vessel? What does it do?
Tunica media | It is made of smooth muscle cells for expansion and contraction of the vessel.
31
What is the outermost layer of the vessel?
Tunica adventitia
32
What is stenosis?
Narrowing of a lumen of an artery for any reason.
33
How much blood do most people have?
5L
34
What are the three main plasma proteins?
Albumin Globulins Fibrinogens
35
What does albumin do?
Maintains oncotic pressure, moving water.
36
What do globulins do?
Antibodies
37
What do fibrinogens do?
They're for coagulation
38
What is hematocrit?
Measurement of all formed elements of blood cells
39
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
40
What is erythropoiesis?
Process where red blood cells are made.
41
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells
42
What's the normal white blood cell count?
9000
43
Somatic sensory neurons do what?
Sense things like touch, pressure, cold, heat, pain, and proprioception
44
What kind of pain is associated with somatic sensory neurons?
Sharp, stabbing, easy to localize, and constant
45
What do visceral sensory neurons do?
Located in viscera, they sense fullness, need to urinate, defecate.
46
What pain is associated with visceral sensory neurons?
Dull, achy, crampy pain, difficult to localize, and waxes and wanes
47
What do somatic motor neurons do?
Deal with skeletal muscle fubction
48
What do visceral motor neurons do?
Deal with peristalsis, urination, and defecation
49
What is peristalsis?
Movement of food
50
What is the primary neurotransmitter for parasympathetic synapses?
Acetylcholine
51
What eats acetylcholine?
Acetycholinase
52
What is the primary neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?
Norepinephrine
53
What eats norepinephrine?
Monoamine oxidase
54
What is the feed and breed side of the autonomic nervous system?
Parasympathetic
55
What is the fight or flight side of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic
56
Spinal nerves are mapped to what?
Dermatomes
57
Name the four kinds of receptors and what they monitor.
Nociceptors - pain Thermoreceptors - temperature Chemoreceptors - chemical levels Mechanoreceptors - touch, pressure, position
58
What is vitreous humor?
Jellylike fluid that helps eyeballs keep shape. Does not come back.
59
What is aqueous humor?
Fluid filling the anterior cavity of the eye.
60
What is in the right upper of the abdomen?
Liver, gallbladder, colon, small intestine
61
What is in the left upper quadrant?
Stomach, spleen, colon, small intestine
62
What is in the right lower quadrant?
Large intestine, ascending colon, appendix
63
What is in the left lower quadrant?
Large intestine and descending colon
64
What does the exocrine gland do?
Secretes onto a body's surface
65
What does the endocrine gland do?
Secretes into the bloodstream
66
What percent of pancreatic function is endocrine?
1%
67
What are the four main enzymes produced by the pancreas in exocrine? And what do they break down?
Amylase - carbs Lipase - fats Protease - proteins Nuclease - nucleus acids
68
What do the islets of langerhans do?
They produce the 1% of pancreas output that is endocrine
69
What are the types and percentages of endocrine output?
Beta - 75% insulin Alpha - 20% glucagon Delta - 5% somastatin
70
What is glycogen?
Storable, broken down glucose that can be stores in liver
71
What is glucagon?
It raises bgl through either glycogenolysis or glucogenolysis.
72
What is glycogenolysis?
Releases more glucose from the liver
73
What is glucogenolysis?
Creating glucose from fats and proteins
74
Name the three pieces of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunem, and ileum
75
What is the pituitary gland?
It's secretions control secretions of other endocrine glands
76
What is the hypothalamus?
Small region of the brain that controls the pituitary gland
77
Name the 6 anterior pituitary gland hormones.
``` Growth Prolactin Thyroid-stimulating Adrenocorticotropic Follicle-stimulating Luteinizing ```
78
Name the two posterior pituitary gland hormones.
Antidiuretic | Oxytocin
79
What does the anti diuretic hormone do?
Water retention in kidneys Vasoconstriction Thirst
80
What's the thyroid gland do?
Controls basic metabolic rate in the body through release of t4 and t3
81
What is calcitonin?
Hormone from thyroid that lowers blood calcium levels.
82
What is cortisol?
Main glucocorticosteroid, has an anti inflammatory effect in the body, also an immune suppressant.
83
What is the normal urine output for a male?
.5 ml/kg per hour | 50 ml/hour avg.

Paramedic Class (12 decks)

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