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9. extra c&r > Airways > Flashcards

Airways Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the lungs?

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2
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

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2
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

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3
Q

What are the 4 levels of branches airways in the lungs?

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4
Q

What are the airways in the lungs made of and why?

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5
Q

What is dichotomous branching?

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6
Q

What type of branching occurs in the lung airways?

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7
Q

What are the 3 sections of the bronchi?

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8
Q

Which structures in the lungs perform gas exchange?

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8
Q

What is the alveolar duct?

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9
Q

What is special about the terminal bronchioles?

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10
Q

What is an alveolar sac?

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11
Q

What are the 5 cells found in an alveolar unit?

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12
Q

What are type 1 cells in an alveolar unit?

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13
Q

What are type 2 cells in an alveolar unit?

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14
Q

What is the function of type 1 alveolar cells?

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15
Q

What are the 3 functions of type 2 alveolar cells?

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16
Q

What proportion of the alveolar surface is type 1 cells?

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17
Q

What proportion of the alveolar surface is type 2 cells?

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18
Q

What is the shape of type 1 alveolar cells?

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19
Q

Are type 1 or type 2 alveolar cells found in greater numbers?

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20
Q

How there be more alveolar type 2 cells but they only cover 5% of the alveolar surface?

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21
Q

What is the main function of respiratory airways?

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22
Q

Which 2 gases are transported in respiratory airways?

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23
What is the function of cartilage in airways?
24
What is the function of smooth muscles in airways?
25
What is the nasal conchae?
26
What is the pharynx?
27
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?
28
What is the function of nasal hairs?
29
What is the function of the nasal conchae?
30
What are the 8 components of airways?
31
What are the 4 layers of airways?
32
What are submucosal glands in airways?
33
Which cells produce mucus in airways?
34
What are the 7 categories of airway cells?
35
What are 5 examples of airway lining cells?
36
What is the example of airway contractile cells?
37
What are 3 examples of airway secretory cells?
38
What are 2 examples of airway connective tissue cells?
39
What are 4 examples of airway neuroendocrine cells?
40
What are 4 examples of airway vascular cells?
41
What are cilia?
42
What are 6 examples of airway immune cells?
43
What are goblet cells full of?
44
Why are there so many mitochondria in ciliated cells?
45
How are ciliated cells adapted for airways? (2)
46
How do goblet cells secrete mucus?
47
What are mucin globules?
48
By how many times can mucin granules expand for secretion?
49
What is the function of mucous cells?
50
What is the function of serous cells?
51
What do submucosal glands secrete?
52
What is an acini?
53
What are the 2 parts of airway submucosal glands?
54
Where is mucous secreted from in airways?
55
Where is serous secreted from in airways?
56
How is mucous moved around the airways?
57
What are the 4 components of a cilium?
58
What is the apical hook of a cilium?
59
What is the axoneme of a cilium?
60
What are the anchoring proteins of a cilium?
61
What is the '9+2' structure of cilium?
62
How many cilia does a ciliated cell have?
63
What is the movement of cilia? - beating
64
Do ciliated cells move?
65
What are the 5 components of mucous?
66
What are the 4 functions of airway epithelium?
67
What is mucociliary clearance?
68
What are the 7 regulatory/inflammatory mediators produced by airway epithelium?
69
What are the 3 functions of mucus in airways?
70
What is brown stain and when is it visible?
71
Which enzyme produced NO?
72
How are airway smooth muscles made visible in scans?
73
What are the 3 functions of airway smooth muscle cells?
74
What is airway caliber?
75
What do airway smooth muscle cells secrete? (3)
76
What may be the benefit of airways being able to contract?
77
What are the 5 inflammatory mediators secreted by airway smooth muscle cells?
78
What is the blood supple of airways called?
79
What proportion of cardiac output is used for tracheo-bronchial circulation?
80
What is the quantitative blood flow to airway mucosa?
81
Where do bronchial arteries arise from?
82
How does blood return from tracheal circulation?
83
Where does a blood vessel plexus lie in an airway?
84
What controls airway function? (4)
85
What are the 7 functions of the tracheo-bronchial circulation?
86
Which 4 examples of regulatory/inflammatory mediators control airway function?
87
What is an example of proteases controlling airway function?
88
What are 2 examples of reactive gas species controlling airway function?
89
How is airway contraction controlled? - nervous
90
What are the … steps of the nervous system causing airway contraction?
91
What are the … steps of the nervous system causing airway relaxation?
91
Which hormone relaxes airways?
92
Where is the cervical thoracic ganglion?
93
What is the function of the cervical thoracic ganglion?
94
What is different about the control of airway relaxation in humans?
95
What is the function of nodose the ganglion?
96
What is the function of the vagus?
97
Which neurotransmitter is used in airway contraction?
97
What is the vagus?
98
Which nerves are utilised in airway contraction?
98
Which nerves are utilised in airway relaxation?
99
What are the 3 most common respiratory diseases?
99
What proportion of the population have asthma?
100
What is the 4th cause of death in the UK?
101
How does CF occur?
102
What are fibrotic lung disease?
103
What are the 3 characteristics of respiratory diseases?

9. extra c&r (9 decks)

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