Cardiac Cycle Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
What are the 2 parts of the cardiac cycle?
A
2
Q
What is diastole?
A
3
Q
What is systole?
A
4
Q
How much of each heartbeat is systole?
A
5
Q
How much of each heartbeat is diastole?
A
6
Q
What are the 3 phases of systole?
A
6
Q
What is the end-systolic volume?
A
7
Q
What is the end-diastolic volume?
A
8
Q
What are the 7 phases of the cardiac cycle?
A
9
Q
What are the 4 phases of diastole?
A
10
Q
How can you calculate stroke volume from end-diastolic and end-systolic volume?
A
11
Q
What is an average end-diastolic volume?
A
11
Q
What is an average end-systolic volume?
A
12
Q
What is an average stroke volume?
A
13
Q
What is the ejection fraction?
A
14
Q
How does ejection fraction change with athleticism?
A
15
Q
When can end-systolic volume be measured?
A
16
Q
When can end-diastolic volume be measured?
A
17
Q
What are the 4 valves in the heart?
A
18
Q
Where is the aortic valve?
A
19
Q
When does the aortic valve open?
A
20
Q
Where is the mitral valve?
A
21
Q
Where is the tricuspid valve?
A
21
Q
When does the mitral valve open?
A
22
When does the tricuspid valve open?
23
Where is the pulmonary valve?
24
When does the pulmonary valve open?
25
What does the ECG P-wave indicate?
26
Draw the heartbeat ventricular volume graph
27
Draw the heartbeat pressure graph (3)
28
Draw the heartbeat ECG graph
29
What is the S1 heart sound?
30
What is the S2 heart sound?
31
What is the S3 heart sound?
32
What is the S4 hearts sound?
33
What happens during atrial systole?
34
What happens to the valves during atrial systole?
35
What happens to the atria during atrial systole?
36
When does S4 occur? (3)
36
What happens to the ventricles during atrial systole?
37
Which heart sounds are normal?
38
What does the ECG QRS-wave indicate?
38
What is isovolumetric contraction?
39
Which heartbeat sound is produced by isovolumetric contraction?
39
Which phase does 'lub' represent?
40
When does isovolumetric contraction occur?
41
What happens during isovolumetric contraction?
41
What happens to the valves during isovolumetric contraction?
42
What happens to the atria during isovolumetric contraction?
43
What happens to the ventricles during isovolumetric contraction?
44
When does rapid ejection occur?
45
What is rapid ejection?
46
Where is blood moving in rapid ejection?
47
What happens during rapid ejection?
48
What does rapid ejection mark?
49
What happens to the valves during rapid ejection?
50
What happens to the atria during rapid ejection?
51
What happens to the ventricles during rapid ejection?
52
When does reduced ejection occur?
53
What is reduced ejection?
54
What does reduced ejection indicate?
55
What happens during reduced ejection?
56
What does the ECG T-wave indicate?
57
Why is a T wave produced during the reduced ejection phase?
58
What happens to the atria during reduced ejection?
59
What happens to the valves during reduced ejection?
60
What is isovolumetric relaxation?
60
What happens to the ventricles during reduced ejection?
61
When does isovolumetric relaxation occur?
62
Which phase does 'dub' represent?
63
Which heartbeat sound is produced by isovolumetric relaxation?
64
What is the dichrotic notch?
65
What happens to the valves during isovolumetric relaxation?
66
What happens to the atria during isovolumetric relaxation?
67
What happens to the ventricles during isovolumetric relaxation?
68
What is rapid passive filling?
69
When does rapid passive filling occur?
70
When can S3 be heard? (2)
71
What happens to the valves during rapid passive filling?
72
What happens to the atria during rapid passive filling?
73
What happens to the ventricles during rapid passive filling?
74
What is reduced passive filling?
75
What happens to the atria during reduced passive filling?
75
When does reduced passive filling occur?
76
What is diastasis?
77
What happens to the valves during reduced passive filling?
77
What is the peak blood pressure of the aorta?
78
What happens to the ventricles during reduced passive filling?
78
Are blood pressures higher or lower in the right heart?
79
What is the peak blood pressure of the pulmonary artery?
80
What is the peak volume of the ventricles?
81
Which side of the heart pumps more blood?
82
Draw the pulmonary circuit pressure graph (2)
83
What is the blood pressure of the systemic circuit?
84
What is the blood pressure of the pulmonary circuit?
85
Which blood vessels have lowest pressure?
85
Which blood vessels have highest pressure?
86
What are the 4 sections of pressure changes within the heart?
86
Draw the pressure volume loop for a heartbeat
87
What are the 4 parts of the heart pressure volume loop?
88
How can you calculate stroke volume from the pressure volume loop?
89
Where should you start the pressure volume loop?
90
Where can preload be see on the pressure volume loop?
91
Where can afterload be see on the pressure volume loop?
92
How does the pressure volume loop fit with the active/passive force graph?
93
What is the ESPVR?
94
How does the pressure volume loop change with preload?
95
How does the pressure volume loop change with afterload?
96
How does increased preload affect stroke volume and why?
97
How does increased afterload affect stroke volume and why?
98
What is the formula for cardiac output?
99
Which 3 factors affect the stroke volume?
100
What is contractility?
101
When does contractility increase?
102
How does contractility effect the volume-pressure graph? (ESPVR)
103
How does cardiac contractility affects ESPVR?
104
Which 3 target proteins are phosphorylated by PKA in the nervous pathway of heart rate control?
105
How does the cardia pressure-volume loop change during exercise?
106
What are the 4 effects of exercise on the cardiac pressure-volume loop?
107
How does exercise affect arterial pressure?
108
How does exercise affect end-diastolic volume?
109
How does exercise affect afterload?
110
How does exercise affect ventricular contractility and why?
111
How does exercise affect end-systolic volume?
112
How does exercise affect cardiac contractility?
113
How does exercise affect stroke volume and why? (2)
114
What are the 2 healthy heart sounds?
115
What affects preload?
116
What affects the afterload?
117
Which corner of the cardiac pressure-volume loop is bordered by the ESPVR?
118
What are the 2 types of sympathetic stimulation of the SA node?
