Airways disease Flashcards

Question

Treatment for asthma exacerbation?

Answer 1

``` Oxygen Salbutamol Ipratropium Hydrocortisone Magnesium sulfate Theophylline Salbutamol IV ```

Answer 2

15 minutes

Answer 3

Reversibility in asthma non in COPD

Answer 4

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Answer 5

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Answer 6

``` GASES Genetic - alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Air pollution Smoking Exposure through occupation Second-hand smoke exposure ```

Answer 7

A proteinase inhibitor produced in the liver which inhibits enzymes such as neutrophil elastase which breaks down alveolar wall connective tissue

Answer 8

Severity of airflow limitation and exacerbation history

Answer 9

Mild COPD - FEV1 >80% of predicted

Answer 10

Moderate COPD - FEV1 <80% of predicted

Answer 11

Severe COPD - FEV1 <50% of predicted

Answer 12

Very severe COPD - FEV1 <30% of predicted

Answer 13

Number of exacerbations requiring steroids + hospital admissions and CAT score - COPD assessment test

Answer 14

``` CLIPPR Cor pulmonale Lung cancer Infection Pneumothorax Polycythaemia Respiratory failure ```

Answer 15

Permanent dilation of bronchi due to the destruction of the bronchial wall

Answer 16

Most commonly - recurrent infections or secondary to HIV, cystic fibrosis, ciliary dyskinesia, or alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 17

Thickened, dilated airways w or w/out fluid levels, varicose constrictions, cysts

Answer 18

``` Purulent sputum Persistent cough Fever Clubbing Crepitations Coarse inspiratory crackles ```

Answer 19

Massive haemoptysis

Answer 20

Cilia become immobile

Answer 21

<8kPa PaO2 with normal or low CO2 - Damage to lung tissue - V/Q mismatch in part of the lung

Answer 22

Less lung tissue is required to excrete CO2 than oxygenate the blood

Answer 23

``` Pneumonia PE Pulmonary oedema Fibrosing alveolitis Acute asthma ```

Answer 24

Agitation Breathlessness Confusion Drowsiness+fatigue

Answer 25

<8kPa PaO2 + >6.7kPa PaCO2 - ventilatory failure due to reduced effort or increased resistance

Answer 26

``` COPD Cerebrovascular disease Opiate/benzos Myasthenia gravis Motor neuron disease ```

Answer 27

Infection Heart failure Arrhythmia Pericarditis

Answer 28

Oxygen replacement therapy Non invasive ventilation Treat underlying cause

Answer 29

Intermittent closure/collapse of pharyngeal airway causing apnoeic episodes during sleep

Answer 30

``` Obesity Male Older age Opiate/benzo use Neurological disorders Increased soft tissue around airway Structurally narrow airway ```

Answer 31

``` Snoring Restless sleep Morning headache Episodic gasping Apnoea episodes Decreased libido Poor cognitive performance ```

Answer 32

Epworth sleepiness score

Answer 33

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor - reduces sleepiness

Answer 34

Weight reduction CPAP Modafinil

Answer 35

Haemophilus influenza

Answer 36

Interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, obesity, scoliosis, neuromuscular disease

Answer 37

TOP of the CHARTS Coal workers pneumoconiosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis + Histiocytosis Ankylosing spondylitis + Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Radiation Tuberculosis Silicosis + Sarcoidosis

Answer 38

``` ACID = LOW pH Asbestosis Connective tissue disorders Idiopathic fibrosis Drug induced = amiodarone, methotrexate ```

Answer 39

``` Exertional dyspnoea Cough Chest tightness Wheeze Cyanosis Barrel chest Clubbing ```

Answer 40

Chronic lung disease caused by exposure to a dust or metal

Answer 41

Silicosis, berylliosis, coal miners, asbestosis

Answer 42

Exposure to silica, triggers macrophage fibrogenic response, can lead to TB

Answer 43

Exposure to coal dust, macrophage activation and fibrogenic response

Answer 44

Exposure to beryllium, binds to T cells and alters their interactions

Answer 45

Pneumoconiosis + rheumatoid = big nodules

Answer 46

Exposure to asbestos fibres, damage through macrophage activation, associated with plural plaques, pleural thickening and pleural effusions

Answer 47

``` Cigarette smoking Dust exposure GORD Diabetes Infection ```

Answer 48

``` Exertional dyspnoea Cough Crackles Weight loss Fatigue Clubbing ```

Answer 49

CXR HR-CT PFT

Answer 50

Basilar, peripheral, bilateral, asymmetrical, reticular opacities

Answer 51

Sub-pleural, basilar predominant reticular abnormalities Honeycombing Traction bronchiectasis Ground glass opacities present but not extensive

Answer 52

``` Upper/mid lung predominance Peribronchovascular dominance Extensive ground glass opacities Micronodules Cysts Air trapping Consolidation ```

Answer 53

Bronchoalveolar lavage | Biopsy

Answer 54

``` Pirfenidone Nintedanib Pulmonary rehabilitation Oxygen therapy Smoking cessation Lung transplant ```

Answer 55

Inhibits collagen synthesis Down regulates profibrotic cytokines Decreases fibroblast proliferation

Answer 56

Tyrosine kinase receptor blocker

Answer 57

Describes rate at which a gas with diffuse from alveoli to blood

Answer 58

``` Asthma Pulmonary haemorrhage L-R cardiac shunts Polycythemia Hyperkinetic states Male gender Exercise ```

Answer 59

``` Pulmonary fibrosis Pneumonia PE Pulmonary oedema Emphysema Low cardiac output Anaemia ```

Answer 60

Transfer coefficient - rate of gas transfer corrected for lung volume Increases with age

Answer 61

Neuromuscular weakness Scoliosis/kyphosis Ankylosing spondylitis Pneumonectomy/lobectomy

Airways disease Flashcards

(86 cards)