Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardioresp > Valvular disease > Flashcards

Valvular disease Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is an aortic stenosis murmur?

A

Ejection systolic
Crescendo-decrescendo
Radiation to the carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What intensifies an aortic murmur?

A

Amyl nitrate
Raising legs
Squatting
Expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What reduces an aortic murmur?

A

Valsalva manœuvre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is De Musset’s sign?

A

Head bobbing with each heart beat

Aortic regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Corrigan’s sign?

A

Exaggerated carotid pulse

Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Quinke’s sign?

A

Nailbed pulsation

Aortic regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes aortic regurgitation?

A 
Due to valve disease:
Rheumatic fever
Infective endocarditis
Connective tissue disease 
Bicuspid valve

Due to aortic root:
Aortic dissection
Ankylosing spondylitis
Hypertension
Syphilis
Marfan's 
Ehler-Danlos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What heart sound do you hear when you feel the pulse?

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Order of valve closure?

A

Left sided valves first, right second - important when they split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Non-pathological murmurs?

A

High flow through normal valve
Pregnancy
Anaemia
Thyrotoxicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A fixed split S2?

A

Atrial septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cause of S4?

A

LVH - pressure wave of atria contracting to push blood into ventricles
Occurs late in diastole
‘A-stiff-wall’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cause of S3?

A

Blood oscillation in ventricles
Heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, mitral regurgitation
Mid in diastole
‘slosh-ing-IN’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of aortic stenosis?

A

Congenital, bicuspid valve
Rheumatic fever
Calcification - most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

Angina
Syncope
Congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a thrill?

A

Palpable murmur

Feels like a vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Other sounds in aortic stenosis?

A

Systolic ejection click
Soft S2
Splitting of S2 on expiration
S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pulse in aortic stenosis?

A

Small and slow rising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aortic regurgitation murmur?

A

High pitched
Early diastolic
Decrescendo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Hill’s sign?

A

Popliteal systolic blood pressure exceeding brachial by >60 mmHG
Aortic Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pulse in aortic regurgitation?

A

Bounding or collapsing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is mitral stenosis?

A

Thickening of the valve, cusp fusions, and calcium deposition resulting in a narrowed orifice and progressive immobility of the valve cusps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Causes of mitral stenosis?

A 
Aortic valve disease
Rheumatic fever
Congenital
Lutembacher's syndrome
SLE
RA
Carcinoid
Infective endocarditis
Amyloid deposition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Symptoms of mitral stenosis?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Dyspnoea
Cough
Haemoptysis
Weakness
Fatigue oedema
Arrhythmia
Malar flush
25
Mitral stenosis murmur?
Mid diastolic rumble Opening snap Heard best in left lateral decubitus position
26
Causes of mitral regurgitation?
``` Aortic valve disease Rheumatic fever Myocarditis Dilated cardiomyopathy Hypertensive heart disease Ischaemic heart disease Infective endocarditis Rupture of the chordae tendinae ```
27
What is lutembacher's syndrome?
Acquired mitral stenosis and an atrial septal defect
28
Mitral regurgitation murmur?
Pansystolic murmur Blowing High pitched Quiet S1
29
ECG finding in mitral stenosis?
Bifid p wave - atrial enlargement
30
Native valve endocarditis pathogens?
Streptococci viridans Enterococci Staphylococci
31
IV drug user endocarditis pathogens?
``` Right sided valvular involvement Staph Aureus Streptococci Gram -ve bacilli Polymicrobial ```
32
Prosthetic valve endocarditis pathogens?
Coagulase negative staphylococci Staph Aureus Enterococci Staphylococcus epidermidis - early infection
33
Major duke criteria?
``` +ve blood cultures Echo findings: Endocardial vegetation Perivalvular abscess Dehiscence of prosthetic valve New valvular regurgitation ```
34
Minor duke criteria?
``` IV drug user Prosthetic valve Fever Arterial emboli Mycotic aneurysm Septic pulmonary infarcts Conjunctival haemorrhages Janeway lesions ```
35
What is the dukes criteria?
Diagnostic criteria for endocarditis
36
Symptoms of endocarditis?
``` Fever/chills Night sweats Malaise/fatigue Anorexia/Weight loss New regurgitant murmur Janeway lesion Osler nodes Roth spots Rheumatoid factor Splinter haemorrhages ```
37
What is a Janeway lesion?
Haemorrhagic, macular, painless plaques on palms and soles
38
What are Osler nodes?
Small painful nodular lesions usually found on the pads of the fingers or toes
39
What are Roth spots?
Oval, pale retinal lesions surrounded by haemorrhage
40
Complications of infective endocarditis?
Congestive heart failure Systemic embolisation Mycotic aneurysm Splenic abscess
41
What is mycotic aneurysm?
Infected aneurysm arising from bacterial infection of the arterial wall
42
Consequences of mitral stenosis?
Left atrial hypertrophy Pulmonary oedema Right sided heart failure Tricuspid regurgitation
43
Consequence of mitral regurgitation?
Left atrial dilatation | Pulmonary hypertension
44
What is Barlow's syndrome?
``` Prolapsing mitral valve Excessively large mitral valve leaflets Enlarged mitral annulus Long cordae Disordered papillary muscle contraction ```
45
Causes of tricuspid stenosis?
Uncommon Rheumatic heart disease With other mitral/aortic disease presnet Carcinoid syndrome
46
Consequence of tricuspid stenosis?
``` Reduced cardiac output Increased right atrial pressure Hepatomegaly Ascites Oedema ```
47
Tricuspid stenosis murmur?
Mid diastolic | Louder on inspiration
48
Functional tricuspid regurgitation?
Right ventricle dilatation Cor pulmonale MI Pulmonary hypertension
49
Organic tricuspid regurgitation?
Rheumatic heart disease Infective endocarditis Carcinoid syndrome Ebstein's anomaly
50
What is ebstein's anomaly?
Congenitally malpositioned tricuspid valve
51
Tricuspid regurgitation murmur?
Blowing Pansystolic Heard on inspiration
52
Causes of pulmonary stenosis?
Congenital Rheumatic fever Carcinoid syndrome
53
Consequences of pulmonary stenosis?
Obstructed right ventricular emptying | Right ventricular hypertrophy
54
Pulmonary stenosis murmur?
Hard, mid systolic ejection murmur Thrill Pulmonary closure delayed and soft
55
Pulmonary regurgitation?
Most common acquired lesion of the pulmonary valve | Dilation of pulmonary ring secondary to pulmonary hypertension
56
Pulmonary regurgitation murmur?
Decrescendo diastolic murmur
57
Symptoms of mitral prolapse (Barlow's syndrome)?
Atypical chest pain - submammary or substernal
58
Murmur of mitral valve prolapse?
Mid-systolic click

Cardioresp (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions