AKD & Glomerular Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the pre-renal causes of AKI?
low ECF volume
reduced renal blood flow
What are the intrarenal causes of AKI?
glomerular disease
ATN
AIN
tubular obstruction
What are the post-renal causes of AKI?
kidney stone, enlarged prostate, tumor, etc.
What are the two categories of ATN?
ischemic and nephrotoxic
What is the cause of granular, muddy-brown casts?
ATN
What is the FENa for ATN and pre-renal AKI?
ATN: FENa > 2%
pre-renal: FENa < 1%
What is the cause of hyaline casts?
pre-renal
What is the cause of WBC casts?
AIN
What is the cause of fatty casts?
Nephrotic Syndrome
What is the cause of RBC casts?
Nephritic Syndrome
What is the differential for nephritic syndrome? (9)
post-infectious GN IgA nephropathy Lupus nephritis ANCA GN Anti-GBM GN Alport Syndrome membranoproliferative GN rapidly progressive GN C3 glomerulopathy
What is the differential for nephrotic syndrome? (6)
minimal change disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis membranous glomerulopathy membranoproliferative GN diabetic glomerulosclerosis amyloidosis
What nephritic syndromes have low C3?
post-infectious
lupus
C3
maybe MPGN
What nephritic syndromes have low C4?
lupus
maybe MPGN
maybe post-infectious
What are the post-infectious associations and serologies?
2 wks after infection
+ASO, +anti-DnaseB
What are the MPGN associations?
HepC, multiple myeloma, Waldenstoms
What is associated with IgA?
concurrent infection
What is associated with minimal change disease?
Most common AKD in kids, can be secondary to lymphoma
What is associated with FSGS?
most common AKD in blacks and people with 1 functioning kidney
What is a normal UPCR?
<0.2
Which drugs cause AIN? (9)
penicillins cephalosporins ciprofloxacin vancomycin rifampicin omeprazole lansoprazole NSAIDs trimethoprim
Which drugs cause ATN?
aminoglycosides
amphoteracin B
RC dyes (lohexol)
Which drugs cause T4 RTA?
NSAIDs trimethoprim ACEi/ARB cyclosporin tacrolimus
What are the signs of tumor lysis syndrome?
uric acid crystals, high potassium, high phosphorus, low calcium
