AKI and CKD Flashcards
(58 cards)
specifics of kidney injury
–kidneys are needy
–injury can be sudden and rapidly progress
–reversible
renal insufficiency numbers
25% of normal GFR (>90% = normal)
acute kidney injury
–result of ischemic injury r/t loss of volume –> decreased perfusion
what are common consequences of AKIs?
toxins or sepsis
prerenal AKI
before kidneys; volume loss related
examples of prerenal AKI causes
–blood loss
–dehydration
intrarenal AKI causes
directly kidneys; acute tubular necrosis
postrenal AKI causes
not as common; obstruction causing cell death (blockage, tumor)
symptoms of AKIs
–oliguria
–begins 1 day after hypotensive event and lasts 1-3 weeks
–fluid volume excess
–metabolic acidosis
–hyponatremia
–hyperkalemia
–waste product accumulation
–neuro disorders
amounts that specify for oliguria
<400mL/day, <30mL/hr
treatment for AKIs
–address the cause
–treat manifestations
–monitor labs
–avoid nephrotoxic drugs
manifestations in CKD stages 1 and 2
asymptomatic
manifestations in CKD stage 3
HTN
stage 4 CKD
–symptomatic
–diagnosis
stage 5 CKD
–GFR < 15
–uremic
uremic
urea in blood; accumulation of waste products in blood
causes of ESRD
–diabetes (50%)
–HTN (30%)
–Glomerulonephritis (10%)
–Other (10%)
risk factors for CKD
–family history
–increasing age (>60)
–male
–Black/African American
–HTN, DM, smoking
–overweight and obesity
most apparent signs of worsening CKD
–proteinuria
–increased angiotensin II
how to monitor for worsening CKD
monitor BP and UOP
what is special about the pathogenesis of CKD?
cyclical process
psychologic symptoms of CKD
–anxiety
–depression
CV symptoms of CKD
–HTN
–heart failure
–coronary artery disease
–pericarditis
–peripheral artery disease
GI symptoms of CKD
–anorexia
–nausea
–vomiting
–GI bleeds
–gastritis
