Urology A&P

Question 1

Components of urinary system

Answer 1

–kidneys
–ureters
–urinary bladder
–urethra
–prostate (men)

Question 2

functions of kidneys

Answer 2

–maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
–rid body of water soluble wastes via urine

Question 3

important endocrine functions of the kidneys

Answer 3

–produces erythropoietin
–activates vitamin D
–produces renin (regulates BP)

Question 4

where are the kidneys located?

Answer 4

retroperitoneal space (CVA)

Question 5

nephron specifics

Answer 5

–functional unit of kidneys
–each kidney > 1 mill nephrons
–humans can function with 10-25% of nephrons

Question 6

renal pelvis

Answer 6

large collecting area for urine that drains from the nephrons

Question 7

medulla

Answer 7

contains 8-12 pyramids that consist of:
–collecting tubules
–collecting ducts
–Loops of Henle and capillaries

Question 8

renal cortex

Answer 8

contains all glomeruli and 85% of nephron tubules

Question 9

CO and kidneys

Answer 9

–1/4 of CO is delivered to the kidneys
–total blood flow = 1200 mL/min

Question 10

function of nephrons

Answer 10

–filters water-soluble substances from blood
–reabsorb filtered nutrients, water, and electrolytes
–secrete wastes and excesses

Question 11

function of glomerulus

Answer 11

–filters fluid from the blood into tubules
–prevents passage of RBCs and proteins
–surrounded by Bowman’s capsule

Question 12

overall glomerular filtration rate

Answer 12

~125 mL/min

Question 13

function of ureters

Answer 13

drain urine from renal pelvis to bladder

Question 14

normal bladder output per day

Answer 14

1500 mL/day

Question 15

urethra lengths for men and women

Answer 15

men: 8-10 inches
women: 1-2 inches