Al-Mehdi: Control of Motility

Question 1

postprandial gut motility

Answer 1

peristalsis

Question 2

fasting gut motility

Answer 2

migrating motor complex (MMC)

Question 3

motor nucleus in brainstem that receives info. from NTS

Answer 3

Dorsal nucleus

Question 4

collector of sensory info. in the brainstem

Answer 4

Nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 5

main motor nucleus in brainstem that receives info. from NTS

Answer 5

Nucleus ambiguus

Question 6

a1 and M3 have what G subunit receptor

Answer 6

Gq (Ca2+)

Question 7

EP4 (for PGE2) and 5-HT4 have what G subunit receptor

Answer 7

Gs (cAMP)

Question 8

a2 (presynaptic), mu, M2, D2 have what G subunit receptor

Answer 8

Gi

Question 9

serotonin receptors

Answer 9

5-HT3 and 5-HT4

Question 10

parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation to visceral SMC

Answer 10

parasympathetic (M3 stimulates)
sympathetic (a2 inhibits)

Question 11

sphincter innervation

Answer 11

a1 constricts

Question 12

plexus that controls peristalsis in ENS

Answer 12

myenteric plexus

Question 13

plexus that regulates absorption and secretion in ENS

Answer 13

Submucosal plexus

Question 14

stimulatory motor neurons in ENS

Answer 14

Ach and substance P

Question 15

inhibitory motor neurons in ENS

Answer 15

NO and VIP

Question 16

myenteric ___ and ____ neurons are the primary secretomotor controllers

Answer 16

NE and Ach

Question 17

in myenteric plexus, NE binds what

Answer 17

a2

Question 18

in myenteric plexus, Ach binds what

Answer 18

M3

Question 19

what motor neuron binds a1 directly for sphincter contraction

Answer 19

NE

Question 20

what motor neuron has indirect action on sphincter and what interneuron causes sphincter relaxation

Answer 20

Ach; NO

Question 21

_____ binds a2 for SMC relaxation and decreases intestinal secretion

Answer 21

NE

Question 22

____ binds M3 for SMC contraction, and increase in gastric and pancreatic secretion

Answer 22

Ach

Question 23

sympathetic stimulation to myenteric plexus causes constipation or diarrhea

Answer 23

constipation

Question 24

parasympathetic stimulation to myenteric plexus causes constipation or diarrhea

Answer 24

diarrhea

Question 25

a2 agonist used for diabetic neuropathy diarrhea

Answer 25

CLONIDINE

Question 26

M3 agonist used to treat ileus (constipation)

Answer 26

BETHANECHOL

Question 27

_____ from mucosal enterochromaffin cells initiates ENS afferent signaling

Answer 27

5-HT (serotonin)

Question 28

what is released when the EC cell in mucosa senses there is food

Answer 28

5-HT

Question 29

5-HT binds what receptor on dorsal root/vagal afferent that sends signal to brainstem and then back down to start peristalsis

Answer 29

5-HT3R

Question 30

drug that blocks 5-HT3R (blocks Afferent signaling for peristalsis and secretion)

Answer 30

ALOSETRON

Question 31

drug used for IBS-D

Answer 31

ALOSETRON

Question 32

5-HT neuron through an interneuron stimulates what

Answer 32

Ach

Question 33

5-HT neuron binds what receptor on Ach to stimulate it

Answer 33

5-HT4R

Question 34

5-HT4 agonist used for constipation

Answer 34

PRUCALOPRIDE

Question 35

Dopaminergic interneuron inhibits _____ that has D2R

Answer 35

Ach

Question 36

drug that inhibits D2R (stimulates Ach) and also 5-HT4R agonist

Answer 36

METOCLOPRAMIDE

Question 37

drug contraindicated in Achalasia

Answer 37

METOCLOPRAMIDE

Question 38

D2 blockers used for constipation

Answer 38

METOCLOPRAMIDE and DOMPERIDONE

Question 39

what effect does Opioid interneuron have on Ach

Answer 39

inhibitory

Question 40

Opioid receptors on Ach that stop diarrhea

Answer 40

u, k, delta

Question 41

u-agonists that blocks Ach to produce constipation

Answer 41

LOPERAMIDE, DIPHENOXYLATE

Question 42

how does sympathetic efferent make it to NE neuron in myenteric plexus

Answer 42

short pre-synaptic and long post-synaptic axons

Question 43

how does parasympathetic (vagal) efferent make it to Ach at myenteric plexus

Answer 43

1 long axon

Question 44

when glucose binds its receptor in the gut what is produced

Answer 44

GLP-2

Question 45

GLP-2's effect when it binds to a2

Answer 45

fluid efflux

Question 46

these are released from interneurons in ENS and relax LES, sphincter of Oddi, and GI SMC

Answer 46

VIP and NO

Question 47

pacemaker cells for the gut

Answer 47

ICCs (interstitial cells of cajal)

Question 48

what stimulates migrating motor complex (MMC) during fasting

Answer 48

ICCs

Question 49

where do ICCs originate from

Answer 49

c-KIT

Question 50

what gives rise to GI stromal tumors (GIST)

Answer 50

ICCs from c-KIT

Question 51

activated part of MMC (migrating motor complex)

Answer 51

phase 3

Question 52

what is this

Answer 52

migrating during fasting

Question 53

Answer 53

phase 3 MMC

Question 54

neurotransmitter of MMC

Answer 54

Motilin

Question 55

produced by cells of duodenal epithelium

Answer 55

Motilin

Question 56

secreted into blood under fasting conditions and regulates phase III contractions

Answer 56

Motilin

Question 57

Ab that binds 50S subunit and inhibits protein synthesis

Answer 57

Erythromycin (Macrolide)

Question 58

Ab that is an agonist of Motilin receptor

Answer 58

Erythromycin

Question 59

SE of this drug include abd cramping and diarrhea

Answer 59

Erythromycin

Question 60

increases appetite and stimulates Motilin receptor

Answer 60

Ghrelin