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DIG: Biweekly 1 > Lopez: Pancreas > Flashcards

Lopez: Pancreas Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

head of pancreas lies where

A

in curve of duodenum

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2
Q

where does the tail of pancreas lie

A

by the spleen

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3
Q

neck of pancreas lies anterior to what

A

superior mesenteric a. and v.

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4
Q

this artery run on top of pancreas

A

splenic a.

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5
Q

what triggers the sphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic)

A

food

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6
Q

regulates flow of hepatic and pancreatic juices into duodenum

A

sphincter of Oddi

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7
Q

small opening in small intestine where the pancreatic and bile ducts meet and release their secretions (can be obstructed by gall stone here)

A

ampulla of vater

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8
Q

what cells of pancreas secretes HCO3 to neutralize stomach acid

A

ductal cells

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9
Q

order of smallest duct of pancreas to pancreatic duct

A

intercalated duct
intralobular duct
interlobular duct
pancreatic duct

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10
Q

cluster of acinar cells

A

pancreatic acinus

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11
Q

what secretes pancreatic enzymes to the pancreatic duct

A

pancreatic acinus

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12
Q

what epithelium makes up intercalated duct

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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13
Q

alpha and beta cells of pancreas help make up what

A

Islet of Langerhans

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14
Q

alpha cells produce

A

glucagon

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15
Q

beta cells produce

A

insulin

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16
Q
A

acinar cells (thymogen granules)

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17
Q
A

ductal cell (mitochondria seen)

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18
Q

breaks down starch in saliva

A

amylase

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19
Q

pancreatic enzyme that continues digestion of starches

A

amylase

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20
Q

aids in protein digestion in the stomach

A

pepsin in presence of HCl

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21
Q

pancreatic enzymes that help further protein digestion

A

protease
trypsin
chymotrypsin

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22
Q

enzyme in the oral cavity, in the stomach, and pancreas that aids in fat digestion

A

lipase

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23
Q

where CCK is produced

A

from I cells in duodenum

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24
Q

CCK stimulates what cells to secrete pancreatic enzymes

A

pancreatic acinar cells

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25
___ stimulates gallbladder to contract and release bile
CCK
26
stimulates pancreatic enzymes
CCK
27
____ stimulates stomach to produce acid and increases motility
gastrin
28
stimulates pancreas to secrete HCO3- and water to neutralize chyme
secretin
29
released from adipose tissue and controls hunger
leptin
30
important during fasting and breaks down glycogen to release glucose into blood
glucagon
31
regulates absorption of glucose from the blood into tissues
insulin
32
both ___ and ___ shut off acid production of stomach
CCK and secretin
33
cluster of endocrine cells
Islet of Langerhans
34
Delta cells produce
somatostatin
35
PP cells produce
pancreatic polypeptide
36
congenital malformation that causes the head of pancreas to wrap around duodenum; biliary emesis
Annular pancreas
37
congenital malformation where the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts do not merge into 1, leaving 2 ducts
Pancreatic Divisum
38
blood tests to check for acute pancreatitis
elevated amylase and lipase Ca2+ levels triglycerides
39
sudden onset inflammation of pancreas
acute pancreatitis
40
2 main risk factors for acute pancreatitis
gallstones alcohol abuse
41
severe abd pain (epigastric-radiating to back) and elevated pancreatic enzymes
acute pancreatitis
42
Grey-Turner's sign (acute pancreatitis)
43
Cullen's sign (acute pancreatitis)
44
fox sign (acute pancreatitis)
45
autodigestion of pancreas
pancreatitis
46
pathogenesis of pancreatitis:
inflammatory cells and cytokines cause pancreatic inflammatory response-----> hemorrhagic necrosis and fat necrosis
47
systemic inflammatory cascade of pancreatitis can lead to what
organ failure
48
pancreatic enzyme activation at the wrong time caused by what
acinar cell injury
49
L pleural effusion common w/ what
acute pancreatitis
50
necrosis
51
risk factors for this include alcohol use and smoking
chronic pancreatitis
52
chronic abd pain malabsorption steatorrhea weight loss
chronic pancreatitis
53
pathognomonic feature of chronic pancreatitis
pancreatic calcifications
54
pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis:
long standing inflammation and toxins leading to destruction and pancreatic insufficiency
55
arrows
pancreatic calcifications
56
fibrosis seen
chronic pancreatitis
57
pancreatitis steatorrhea hypoproteinemia exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
cystic fibrosis on pancreas
58
condition in which there is inadequate production and secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)
59
patient has diarrhea and malabsorption and chronic pancreatitis, and weight loss, dx?
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
60
fecal pancreatic elastase 1 assay (FPE1) >200 microgram/g stool
dx exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
61
patient has steatorrhea and fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, and weight loss
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
62
malignant tumor in ductal system of exocrine pancreas
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
63
most common type of pancreatic cancer
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
64
risk factors of this include smoking, chronic pancreatitis, genetics
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
65
most common location of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
pancreatic head
66
PJS Lynch syndrome Ataxia-telangiectasia
genetic factors of exocrine pancreatic cancer
67
normal cuboidal
68
abnormal cuboidal (cancer)
69
mutations in what genes lead to pancreatic cancer
KRAS p16 p53
70
what happens before carcinoma in pancreatic cancer
dysplasia of PanIN lesions
71
normal
72
pancreatic cancer
73
CA19-9 CEA CA125
serum tumor markers
74
islet cell tumors
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
75
elevated insulin pancreas hypoglycemic syndromes
Insulinoma
76
elevated gastrin duodenum reflux, ulcers, GERD
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
77
elevated vasoactive intestinal peptide pancreas diarrhea/dehydration
VIPoma
78
3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:
insulinoma gastrinoma VIPoma

DIG: Biweekly 1 (11 decks)

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