alcohol

Question 1

what is the chemical name for alcohol?

Answer 1

ethyl alcohol - ethanol

Question 2

what are the 3 harms associated with alcohol? (nutt et al 2007)

Answer 2

physical harm
dependance
social harms

Question 3

what is examples of physical harm?

Answer 3

one - acute
two - chronic
three - intravenous

Question 4

what is dependence examples?

Answer 4

four - intensity of pleasure
five - psychological dependence
six - physical dependance

Question 5

what is social harm examples?

Answer 5

seven - intoxication
eight - other social harms
nine - health care costs

Question 6

what was the development of the drug harm scale?

Answer 6

Experts assign score (0-3) for each parameter
Parameters are averaged to yield overall harm score

Question 7

what are the acute psychological effects of alcohol?

Answer 7

Decreased tension/anxiety (anxiolytics)

Amnesia

Directly rewarding effects of alcohol

Question 8

what are the three psychological effects of chronic alcohol consumption?

Answer 8

Neuropharmalogical adaptations, withdrawal symptoms and alcohol dependence

Question 9

What is wernicke Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 9

Severe and chronic cognitive deficits due to brain shrinkage

Question 10

what is the non specific effects of complex neuropharmacology ?

Answer 10

the interactions with the lipid bilayer mainly at higher concentrations

Question 11

what is the specific effects

Answer 11

Interaction with ligand gated ion channels and voltage gated ion channels; at concentrations within range achieved by common alcohol consumption

Question 12

what dampens neural activity and what happens?

Answer 12

Acute alcohol eg stimulation of inhibitory GABA receptors

Question 13

what are the steps for the primary neuropharmalogical targets of alcohol?

Answer 13

1. Non specific : alters lipid compensation
2. Nonspecific : Interacts with polar heads of phospholipids
3. Nonspecific : Disturbs the relationship of protein in membrane
4. Specific : Acts at neurotransmitter binding site
5. Specific : Modifies gating mechanism inside channel
6. Direct interaction with channel protein

Question 14

at what point does alcohol have minimal effects and slight relaxation?

Answer 14

.02 - .03

Question 15

what happens at .05-.06

Answer 15

decreased alertness and mildly impaired judgement

Question 16

what happens at .08 - .10?

Answer 16

loss of motor coordination

Question 17

at which point is there slurred speech, and major impairment of mental and physical control?

Answer 17

.14 - .16

Question 18

what happens at .20 - .25?

Answer 18

Staggering, inability to walk or dress without help and mental confusion

Question 19

what happens at .30?

Answer 19

conscious and unaware of surroundings

Question 20

what happens at .45 ?

Answer 20

coma and lethal