cannabis and caffeine

Question 1

where is cannabis produced?

Answer 1

Weedlike Plant

Question 2

what is the uses of cannabis ?

Answer 2

rope, cloth, paper, seeds used for oil and birdfeed

Question 3

what is the psychoactive agent in cannabis?

Answer 3

THC

Question 4

where in the plant is cannabis found ?

Answer 4

concentrated in sticky resin secreting the flowering tops of female plants

Question 5

what is the 4 forms of cannabis ?

Answer 5

marijuana
sinsemilla
hashish (solid)
hash oil

Question 6

what is marijuana and how is it smoked ?

Answer 6

Dried and crumbled leaves, small stems

Usually smoked in joints, pipes and bongs

Question 7

what is sinsemilla?

Answer 7

pollination prevented

Question 8

what is hashish?

Answer 8

prepared from resin and potency varies with concentration

Question 9

what is hash oil?

Answer 9

reduced alcoholic extract where a single drop is placed in a joint

Question 10

what is the content of THC?

Answer 10

Typical joint contains approximately 0.5-1g of cannabis

A joint with 1g of cannabis, 4% THC content contains 40mg of THC

THC content in of samples analyses in 1995 contain 4% THC raising to an average of 15% in 2015

Question 11

what happens when you burn marijuana ?

Answer 11

Results in vaporisation of THC

Question 12

What happens when the THC is absorbed?

Answer 12

20% is absorbed through lungs into the blood plasma

Question 13

what increases absorption ? (black et al 1998)

Answer 13

increased by breath holding where there is an increased high with 15s breath hold vs 7s

Question 14

What is the half life of cannabis?

Answer 14

20 - 30 hours

Question 15

What is the administration effects of oral consumption ?

Answer 15

• Ingestion : metabolism in liver is then absorbed into blood plasma
• Slower delayed effects relative to smoking (smoking bypasses liver metabolism and goes straight from lungs to blood plasma)
• Effect is more sustained due to slower metabolism and absorption into blood plasma (lasting 4-8 hours)

Question 16

What is the cannabinoid receptor ? (Devane 1988)

Answer 16

Cannabis receptor = CB1

Question 17

What is the canniboid agonist ?

Answer 17

THC

Question 18

What is the cannabinoid antagonist?

Answer 18

SR141716

Question 19

What is the antagonist effect ? (huestis et al 2001)

Answer 19

Effects of marijuana attenuated by treatment of CB1 antagonist

Two groups : Placebo control and SR141716 group

Question 20

What is the effects of CB1 antagonist (Richardson et al 1988)

Answer 20

SR 141716 induces hyperalgesia (increased pain sensitivity) and endocanabinoids decreases responsiveness to pain

Question 21

what is varvel & lichtman (2002) effects of CB1 knockout ?

Answer 21

normal acquisition of spatial learning and impaired reversal learning

Question 22

what is marsicano et al (2002) effects of CB1 knockout?

Answer 22

normal fear conditioning

impaired extinction

a deficit in unlearning/new learning

Question 23

what is the buzz of cannabis (Iverson 2000)

Answer 23

brief perceptions of light headedness, dizziness and tingling sensations in the extremities

Question 24

what is the high of cannabis? Iversen 2000

Answer 24

feelings of euphoria, exhilaration and disinhibition

Question 25

what is being stoned like?

Answer 25

feelings of calmness sensations of floating slowing of perception of time changes in sociability

Question 26

what is the physiological effects of cannabis?

Answer 26

increased blood flow to skin increase in heart rate increase in hunger

Question 27

what impairs verbal memory?

Answer 27

Oral THC administration which affects psychomotor functions

Question 28

what is cognitive deficits ?

Answer 28

- cognitive tolerance in heavy users (hart et al 2001) - dose dependant lose doses have relatively few effects (especially in heavy users) - task dependent if task demands are high --> impaired performance

Question 29

What are the 5 phases of rewarding effects of cannabis? (Tanda et al 2000)

Answer 29

Phase 0 : Intravenous cocaine --> lever press Phase 1 : Extinguished with saline Phase 2 : Intravenous THC --> lever press Phase 3 : Effect abolished with CB1 antagonist Phase 4 : Intravenous THC --> levels press

Question 30

What is conditioned place preference?

Answer 30

Valjent and Maldonado (2000) - Conditioned place preference with THC in mice - Only works if mice pre exposed to THC in home cages - First experience = aversive ... then rewarding