Alcohol

Question 1

General statistics on alcohol use and prevalence

• US population: abstainers; non-abstainers
• international comparisons
• overall _ since 19__s

Answer 1

• 1/3 of Americans are complete abstainers; 10% of non-abstainers drink 50% of all alcohol
• in the middle
• decline, 80

Question 2

“Problem Drinking” is defined in terms of…

Answer 2

it’s consequences

Question 3

How/why is alcohol use considered “deviant”?

Answer 3

…

Question 4

Social correlates of alcohol use

• two measures of alcohol use
• relationship between consumption and problem drinking rates
• explain the relationship between consumption, problem drinking and social correlates

Answer 4

• consumption (vs. abstinence) and “problem” drinking
• inconsistent
• dependent upon reasons for drinking (i.e. celebratory vs. forgetting problems) within subculture

Question 5

Glassner and Berg
Jews as a case study regarding relationship between consumption patterns and problem drinking behavior.
- Resulted in:

Answer 5

Identification of 4 factors that reinforced each other and protected Jews from high rates of problem drinking

Question 6

Glassner and Berg

• 4 factors:
  1. Socialization
  2. Practice
  3. Social Relationships
  4. Techniques

Answer 6

1. Socialized into the belief that excessive drinking is a non-Jewish trait
2. Practice of moderate drinking since childhood provided many opportunities to associate drinking with positive occasions
3. Jews in the study had peers/adult relationships that reinforced socialized definitions of moderation
4. Jews learned a variety of techniques that helped them to avoid heavy drinking particularly in the face of social pressure

Question 7

2 components of physical dependence:

Answer 7

1. Increasing tolerance

2. Withdrawal symptoms

Question 8

3 historical categories of drinkers

Answer 8

1. controlled/social
2. heavy
3. alcoholics

Question 9

drink for reasons of sociability; use only in well-defined situations

Answer 9

controlled/social drinkers

Question 10

drink more frequently than controlled drinkers; consume in such quantities where they become drunk

Answer 10

heavy drinkers

Question 11

hard-core drinkers; most associated with drinking problems

Answer 11

alcoholics

Question 12

Jellinek’s model of alcoholism defined alcoholism as a _ _ marked by _ _ behavior.

Answer 12

progressive illness, compulsive drinking

Question 13

4 stages of alcoholism:

Answer 13

1. introductory/prealcoholic
2. early/prodromal
3. middle/crucial
4. final/chronic

Question 14

• increased heavy social drinking to reduce stress and tension
• beginnings of a psychological dependence

Answer 14

introductory/prealcoholic

Question 15

• preoccupation with drinking (may sneak drinks/drink ahead of time to ensure they get enough)
• onset of black outs
• drinking in mornings to alleviate hangovers from night before
• psychological addiction
• trouble controlling their intake of alcohol
• intoxicated behavior is quite different from sober behavior

Answer 15

early/prodromal

Question 16

• loss of physical control over drinking - compulsive

- can’t stop drinking until drunk or alcohol is gone

Answer 16

middle/crucial

Question 17

• benders (drunken sprees that span over several days)
• fearfulness of being unable to acquire adequate supplies of alcohol
• increased solitary drinking and morning drinking
• may experience hallucinations
• malnutrition
• physical dependence experienced as withdrawal

Answer 17

final/chronic

Question 18

early/prodromal stage:

1. behavioral changes (2)
2. psychological changes (3)
3. physiological changes (1)

Answer 18

1. a) drinking in mornings to alleviate hangovers
   b) intoxicated behavior is quite different from sober behavior
2. a) ANXIETY - preoccupation with drinking (may sneak drinks/drink ahead of time to ensure they get enough)
   b) COMPULSION - trouble controlling their intake of alcohol
   c) psychological addiction
3. onset of black outs

Question 19

final/chronic stage:

1. behavioral/psychological changes (3)
2. physiological changes (3)

Answer 19

1. a) benders (drunken sprees that span over several days)
   b) fear of being unable to acquire enough alcohol
   c) increased solitary drinking and morning drinking
2. a) physical dependence experienced as withdrawal
   b) malnutrition
   c) hallucinations possible

Question 20

2 criticisms of disease model of alcoholism:

1. If alcohol is a disease it has _ and inevitably _; symptoms would be relatively _ and they would occur in the same _.
2. Questioned _:

Answer 20

1. causes, progresses, uniform, sequence

2. hypothesis, “Alcoholics cannot stop”

Question 21

Outcomes of debate about disease model of alcoholism:

1. use of a _ of / to describe drinking behavior, as opposed to previous _ understanding
2. addition of the category _ _ ( _ _ ) in medical jargon

Answer 21

1. continuum, dependence/addiction, dichotomous

2. “problem drinkers”, alcohol abuse

Question 22

“Problem drinkers” are :

1. People who _ _ ; defined in terms of its _
2. They are as follows:
   a) Feelings of _
   b) _ disorders & _
   c) Deteriorating _
   d) Repeatedly drinking _ _ _ & persistent _, but _ to quit/cut down

Answer 22

1. abuse alcohol, consequences
2. a) self-disgust
   b) sleep, hangovers
   c) relationships
   d) past self-imposed limits, desire, unable

Question 23

Any use of alcoholic beverages that causes any damage to the individual and/or society.

Answer 23

Alcoholism