Alcohol

Question 1

What is an alcohols functional group?

Answer 1

-OH

Question 2

What does the suffix -diol mean?

Answer 2

Has 2 -OH groups

Question 3

What does the suffix -triol mean?

Answer 3

Has 3 -OH groups

Question 4

What does the suffix -tetriol mean?

Answer 4

Has 4 -OH groups

Question 5

What is a primary alcohol?

Answer 5

1 group attached / 2 hydrogens attached to the carbon

Question 6

What is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 6

2 group attached / 1 hydrogens attached to the carbon

Question 7

What is a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 7

3 group attached / 0 hydrogens attached to the carbon

Question 8

Is alcohol soluble?

Answer 8

Yes, because it has an -OH which can become polar and make H bonds with the water so can be dissolved in water

Question 9

What happens to alcohol solubility as the chain length increases?

Answer 9

The solubility decreases because more of the chain is will make London forces with another alcohol, so it is less likely to bond with the water

Question 10

What happens to alcohols boiling point as the alcohol chain length increases?

Answer 10

As the chain increases the boiling point increases because there are more points of contact for the London forces, so there are more bonds that need to be broken, so more energy is needed so more heat

Question 11

Do alcohols or alkanes have higher boiling points?

Answer 11

Alcohols have higher boiling points because it can form H bonds with itself, whereas alkanes can only make London forces, which are weaker

Question 12

What is made when a primary alcohol is oxidised and distilled?

Answer 12

It forms an aldehyde

Question 13

What is made when a primary alcohol is oxidised and heated under reflux?

Answer 13

It forms a carboxylic acid

Question 14

What is made when a secondary alcohol is oxidised and heated under reflux?

Answer 14

It forms a ketone

Question 15

What is the oxidising agent for alcohol?

Answer 15

Acidified potassium dichromate/ K2Cr2O7

Question 16

What happens to the K2Cr2O7 when it reacts with the primary/secondary alcohol?

Answer 16

Cr3+ ions are made

Question 17

What colour change happens when the alcohol and K2Cr2O7 react?

Answer 17

Orange to green

Question 18

Give the displayed equation for a primary alcohol to make an aldehyde

Answer 18

H O
| //
R - C - O.- H + [O] –> R - C + H2O
| \
H H

Question 19

Give the displayed equation for a primary alcohol to make carboxylic acid

Answer 19

O                         O
        //                         //
 R - C    + [O] -->  R - C
        \                             \
         H                             O - H

Question 20

Give the displayed equation for a secondary alcohol to make an aldehyde?

Answer 20

O - H                          O
       |                            ||
R - C - R +  [O] -->  R - C - R + H2O
       |                             |
      H                           H

Question 21

What does [O] represent?

Answer 21

K2Cr2O7

Question 22

What does [O] represent?

Answer 22

K2Cr2O7

Question 23

What happens when an aldehyde is made under reflux??

Answer 23

It is condensed by the condensation tube so it can react again to make a carboxylic acid

Question 24

What are the steps for distillation?

Answer 24

1 - Heat the alcohol and acidified K2Cr2O7 in a round bottom flask, with a condensation tube attached to the side of it and a thermometer at the top
2 - At the end of condensation tube add a beaker for the product

Question 25

What are the steps for heating under reflux?

Answer 25

1 - Heat the alcohol and acidified K2Cr2O7 in a round bottom flask, with a condensation tube attached to the neck of the flask

Question 26

What happens when an alcohol is combusted?

Answer 26

It makes carbon dioxide and water

Question 27

What happens to the flames when an alcohol is combusted?

Answer 27

It goes a pale purple

Question 28

What happens when an alcohol and hydrochloric acid mix?

Answer 28

They make a haloalkane and water

Question 29

What is the mechanism for nucleophilic substitution?

Answer 29

The Cl- ion is attracted to and bonds with the positive carbon dipole and would transfer its lone pair and the carbon will give the oxygen an electron it makes a chloroalkane and a hydroxide ion

Question 30

How do you make a bromoalkane with an alcohol?

Answer 30

Adding the alcohol to Na/Br and sulphuric acid

Question 31

What is another name for an elimination reaction?

Answer 31

A dehydration reaction

Question 32

What happens to an alcohol in an elimination reaction?

Answer 32

It makes an alkene and water

Question 33

What conditions does an elimination reaction need?

Answer 33

Sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid | Heat

Question 34

What happens in an elimination reaction to the alcohol?

Answer 34

The OH group and a hydrogen next to it go off and make water and an alkene

Question 35

What is the equation for esterification?

Answer 35

Alcohol + carboxylic acid —> water and ester

Question 36

Which is the easiest type of alcohol to dehydrate?

Answer 36

Tertiary alcohol is the easiest to break | Primary alcohol is the hardest to break

Question 37

What are anti bumping granules used for?

Answer 37

To stop large bubbles from forming