Alcohols

Question 1

Main examples of alcohol glycosides

Answer 1

Salicylates

Question 2

T or F: salicylates are exclusively alcohols

Answer 2

F - both phenols and alcohols

Question 3

Salicylates are both ____ and ____ (at the same time) due to saligenin

Answer 3

phenols and alcohols

Question 4

Main aglycone of salicylates

Answer 4

Saligenin

Question 5

Test - alcohol glycosides

Answer 5

Ester formation

Question 6

Reagent - alcohol glycosides

Answer 6

Acetic acid

Question 7

C2H5OH + CH3COOH –> _______ (ester)

Answer 7

CH3COOC2H5

Question 8

Which functional group is detected/tested to confirm the presence of alcohol glycosides?

Answer 8

Ester

Question 9

T or F: alcohol glycosides have the OH group directly attached to the phenyl ring

Answer 9

F - indirectly, attached to C attached to phenol ring
Phenol glycosides - directly attached OH to phenyl ring

Question 10

Oxidation product of saligenin

Answer 10

Salicylic acid

Question 11

Salicylic acid is formed from the oxidation of __

Answer 11

Saligenin

Question 12

T or F: Salicylates / Salicylic acid can only stem from the chorismate branch

Answer 12

F - both chorismate and prephenate, though chorismate is shorter

Question 13

T or F: Salicylates are aromatic, and therefore, come from the shikimic acid pathway

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Immediate precursor of SA in the chorismate branch

Answer 14

Isochorismate

Question 15

Immediate precursor of SA in the prephenate branch

Answer 15

Benzoic acid

Question 16

An amino acid precursor of SA in the prephenate branch

Answer 16

Phenylalanine (F)

Question 17

T or F: arogenate is a precursor of SA from the chorismate branch

Answer 17

F - prephenate branch

Question 18

T or F: t-cinnamic acid is a precursor of SA from the prephenate branch

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Scientific name - willow (2)

Answer 19

Salix purpurea, Salix fragilis

Question 20

Family - willow

Answer 20

Salicaceae

Question 21

Constituent - willow

Answer 21

Salicin

Question 22

Salicin is hydrolyzed to __ by ___

Answer 22

Salicyl alcohol (saligenin), emulsin

Question 23

Tor F: The glycoside salicin has its ether bond cut by the enzyme emulsin during hydrolysis to yield salicylic acid

Answer 23

F - yield salicyl alcohol or saligenin

Question 24

T or F: Salicyl alcohol can be oxidized in the lab to salicylic acid

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Use - willow

Answer 25

Antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory

Question 26

What process does SA undergo to form aspirin?

Answer 26

Acetylation

Question 27

T or F: The OH indirectly attached to the phenyl ring in saligenin is oxidized to RCOOH to form salicylic acid

Answer 27

T

Question 28

T or F: The OH directly attached to the phenyl ring in saligenin is acetylated to OAc to form aspirin

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Scientific name - poplar

Answer 29

Populus tremuloides

Question 30

Family - poplar

Answer 30

Salicaceae

Question 31

Constituents - poplar

Answer 31

Populin (benzoylsalicin)

Question 32

Part - poplar

Answer 32

Bud

Question 33

Use - poplar (4)

Answer 33

Quinine substitute, expectorant, analgesic, antipyretic

Question 34

Poplar is a common ingredient of ___ ___ mixtures

Answer 34

Herbal cough

Question 35

T or F: populin is larger than salicin

Answer 35

F - smaller

Question 36

Part used - black haw

Answer 36

Bark

Question 37

Sci name - black haw

Answer 37

Viburnum prunifolium

Question 38

Family - black haw

Answer 38

Caprifoliaceae

Question 39

Constituent - black haw

Answer 39

0.2% salicin, isovaleric acid

Question 40

Use - black haw

Answer 40

Inflammatory diseases: dysmenorrhea, bleeding, asthma

Question 41

Source of glycoside that is a natural product serving as source of beer bitterness

Answer 41

Hops

Question 42

Part - hops

Answer 42

Dried strobiles

Question 43

Sci name - hops

Answer 43

Humulus lupulus

Question 44

Family - hops

Answer 44

Cannabinaceae

Question 45

Constituents - hops (2)

Answer 45

Lupulin, xanthohumol

Question 46

Constituent of hops, reddish brown powder with bitter aromatic taste (beer)

Answer 46

Lupulus

Question 47

Specific principles of lupulus causing beer bitterness (general, specific)

Answer 47

Phloroglucinol derivatives: humulone (alpha-acids), lupulone (beta-acids)

Question 48

Constituent of hops which has cytotoxic effect on cancer cells

Answer 48

Xanthohumol

Question 49

T or F: hops can be anticancer

Answer 49

T - bc of xanthohumol

Question 50

Endemic species in PH

Answer 50

Kamala

Question 51

Kamala aka ___

Answer 51

Banato

Question 52

Part - kamala

Answer 52

Trichomes / glands

Question 53

Sci name - kamala

Answer 53

Mallotus philippinensis

Question 54

Family - kamala

Answer 54

Euphorbiaceae

Question 55

Dull red brown powder, odorless, tastless

Answer 55

Kamala