Alcohols Flashcards
1
Q
Describe how you would make ethanol via fermentation
A
- yeast catalyst (30-40C°), anaerobic, 30-40C°
- slow (batch process)
+ cheaper & renewable - less yield
- ethanol made is not pure and needs distilling after
2
Q
What’s the equation for making ethanol via fermentation
A
C6H12O6 —> 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2
3
Q
How would you differentiate between a 1° and 2° alcohol
A
Oxidation of 1° alcohol = aldehyde
Oxidation of 2° alcohol = ketone
4
Q
Why are tertiary (3°) alcohols very hard to oxidise?
A
Due to lots of strong C-C bonds
5
Q
Describe how you would make ethanol via hydration of ethene
A
- Catalyst = CONC H2SO4 or H3PO4
- temp 300C° , pressure 70atm
- non renewable
- faster and purer product
- continuous process
6
Q
Equation for making ethanol via hydration of ethene
A
C2H4 + H20 —> CH3CH2OH
(reversible reaction arrow)
7
Q
How can aldehydes and ketones go back to being 1° and 2° alcohols
A
By being reduced using NaBH4 in aq
Nucleophilic addition
8
Q
What does carbon neutral mean
A
No net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere
9
Q
How is ethanol a biofuel
A
When it is produced from fermentation
