alcohols Flashcards
(26 cards)
properties of alcohols
-high mp and bp
-soluble
-as chain increases, solubility decreases
why does the solubility of an alcohol decreases when chain length increases
as there are more Carbons compared to OH and the OH is what makes it soluble
what are the classifications of alcohols
-primary
-secondary
-tertiary
what is a primary alcohol
- OH group is bonded to a carbon with one other alkyl groups attached
e.g. butan-1-ol
what is a secondary alcohol
- OH group is bonded to a carbon with two other alkyl groups attached
e.g. propan-2-ol
what is a tertiary alcohol
- Oh group is bonded to a carbon with three other alkyl groups attached
e.g. 2-methyl-propan-2-ol
what happens during the oxidation of primary alcohols (distillation)
alcohol + [O] –> aldehyde + H2O
what happens during the oxidation of primary alcohols
(reflux)
alcohol + [O] –> carboxylic + H20
what happens during the oxidation of secondary alcohols
(distillation)
alcohol + [O] –> ketone + H2O
what happens during the oxidation of tertiary alcohols
tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised
what is the oxidation agent used
K2Cr7O7
reagent of 1° to aldehyde
[O] and dilute H2SO4
conditions of 1° to aldehyde
distillation
observation of oxidation’s
orange to green
regent of 1° to carboxylic acid
2[O] and dilute H2SO4
conditions of 1° to carboxylic acid
reflux and excess [O]
why is an excess of [O] needed in reflux of primary alcohol
as it oxidises twice from an alcohol to an aldehyde then to a carboxylic acid
reagent of 2° to ketone
[O] and dilute H2SO4
conditions of 2° to ketone
hear, reflux
what do anti-bumping granules do
prevent vigorous and uneven boiling
why is alcohol polar
as of différence in electronegativity between C and O
why are alcohols stronger than alkanes
as it has H bond and london forces and alkanes only have london forces which are weaker than H bonds
they’re less volatile than alkanes
products of dehydration of alcohol
alcohol to alkene
reagents of dehydration
conc H2SO4 or H3PO4
