haloalkanes Flashcards
(22 cards)
examples of nucelophikes
ammonia
hydroxide ions
cyanide ions
what is a nucleophile
a substance that is an electron pair donor
how do halogens form a polar molecule
halogens are more electronegative than carbon so they pull electrons towards themselves in a covalent bond. leads to polar bond
why is the reaction slow when reacting water with haloalkane
as water is a weak nucleophile
what is the reactivity trend of haloalkaness
they become more reactive as we go down the group and hydrolysed the fastest
what determines the reactivity
the bond strength/enthalpy
what is the experiment conditions and process of reactivity of halogens
-use Cl, Br, and I into 3 different test tubes
-add silver nitrate solution and ethanol to each tube
reactant and product of hydrolysis
haloalkane -> alcohol
reagent of hydrolysis
NaOH
conditions of hydrolysis
heat under reflux and aqueous conditions
what kind of reaction is hydrolysis
nucleophilic substitution
what precipitate does Cl form when reacted with silver nitrate
white
what precipitate does Br form when reacted with silver nitrate
cream precipitate
what precipitate does I form when reacted with silver nitrate
yellow precipitate
series of reactivity in halogens
Iodine<bromine <chlorine
what does CFC do to ozone layer
breaks down the ozone
properties of CFC
low reactivity
low volatility
non-toxic
formula for ozone
O3
formation of ozone equations
O2 + UV -> O + O
UV spilts O2 into radicals
O + O2 -> O3
O2 + free radical -> O3\ ozone
equation for ozone reacting with CFC
(initiation, propagation)
initiation - CF3Cl -> CF3• + Cl•
propagation- Cl• + O3 -> ClO + O2
ClO• + O3 -> Cl• + 2O2
what is the overall equation for the breakdown of ozone
2O3 -> 3O2
maintenance of concentration of ozone equation
O3 <—> O2 + O
