Alcohols Functional group

Question 1

What is this group called

C=O

Answer 1

Carbonyl group
any skeletal that has a carbon double bond bonded to Oxygen
(carbon oxygen double bond)

carbonyl group

Question 2

What’s an Aldehyde?

Answer 2

when the molecule is bonded to C=O and the same carbon is bonded to a H or double H H
=. HCOH / COH

Question 3

1) What’s the general formula of an aldehyde?

2) so what’s the general formula if it had 3 carbons?

Answer 3

1) CnH2nO

2) C3H6O

Question 4

Out of these molecules, what is an aldehyde?

Answer 4

A & C

Question 5

How do we write the structural formula of this molecule?

Answer 5

CH3CH2CHO

(for aldehydes, we always write the hydrogen first then the oxygen so that we don’t get the aldehyde confused for an alcohol as an alcohol is OH

Question 6

What’s this R group referred to?

Answer 6

R is to represent different group of atoms,
in aldehydes it represents an alkyl group

R= e.g. CH3CH2CH2CH2

Question 7

which of these represents an aldehyde?

Answer 7

B & C

=O =

Question 8

Name this aldehyde

Answer 8

It has 3 carbons in the longest chain
•Prefix - Prop
And suffix is Anal for all aldehyde

“= Propanal

Question 9

Name this molecule

Answer 9

Hexanal

Question 10

What’s the name of this molecule?

and what’s it known for

Answer 10

Methanal but also known as formaldehyde

Question 11

What are ketones?

Answer 11

Ketones are when it’s in the middle and bonded to 2 carbons e.g

Question 12

which of these molecules are ketones?

Answer 12

B and C

Question 13

What is the general formula for ketones?

Answer 13

CnH2nO

Question 14

Write the structural formula for this ketone

Answer 14

CH3COCH3

as u can see it’s between 2 carbons making it a ketone

Question 15

How to write this if they’re not identical?

Answer 15

RCOR”

“ shows it may be different to the first R

Question 16

Name this ketone

Answer 16

Pentanone

Count the long chain = pentane
add the suffix = anone
C=O is on the second carbon 
(always choose the lowest position number) 
pentan-2-one

Question 17

Name this ketone

Answer 17

Hexan-3-one

Question 18

Name this molecule

Answer 18

this molecule is an aldehyde as ketone is never at the end of the carbon as it has to be in between 2 carbons

name = pentanal

Question 19

Why don’t we include position numbers for ethanol and methanol in alcohol?

Answer 19

we don’t include position numbers for methanol or ethanol because the hydroxyl or alcohol group is always on the first carbon

Question 20

Why don’t we include position numbers for these molecules and identify what type of molecule it is

Answer 20

They are ketones,
the reason why is because we choose the lowest number so the first compound will always stay the same so we name is propanone
and the second will always stay (lowest position number is second carbon) we name is = butanone

Question 21

What’s the suffix of ketones and suffix of aldehyde?

Answer 21

Suffix of ketones - Anone

suffix of aldehyde- Anal

Question 22

what are carboxylic acids

Answer 22

when Carbon bond is double bonded to O and single bonded to an OH

= COOH

Question 23

1) When bonded to HCOOH or COOH what do we call it?

2) and when it has no other functional group what do we refer to these compound

Answer 23

1) Carboxylic acid

2) part of the carboxylic acid homologous series

Question 24

which of these molecules are carboxylic acids

Answer 24

A&B

Question 25

What’s the general formula of carboxylic acid and what’s it when bonded to 3 carbons is

Answer 25

CnH2n+1COOH 3 carbons = C2H5COOH

Question 26

what’s the structural formula of this atom

Answer 26

CH3CH2COOH

Question 27

Name this carboxylic acid

Answer 27

propanoic acid as the suffix for all carboxylic acid is anoic acid the carbonyl group C=O and the hydroxyl group C-OH are always at the end of the chain so no position number is required

Question 28

Because we are drawing an aldehyde where should we add the carbonyl group to?

Answer 28

1 and 4 as aldehydes are only at the end of front.

Question 29

how’s pentan-2-one drawn in it’s skeletal formula?

Answer 29

Question 30

draw skeletal formula of butanone

Answer 30

anone- ketone so it must be surrounded with 2 carbons | it can look like 2 ways

Question 31

draw Propanoic acid

Answer 31

1. draw the number of carbons 2. draw carbonyl group at the end of chain 3. add an OH chain next to the end of C=O

Question 32

In carbonyl compounds, what do all Aldehyde, Ketones and carboxylic acid have in common?

Answer 32

They all have van der waals forces and dipole dipole

Question 33

Hydrogen bonding only occurs if it’s covalently bonded to what elements? So what carbonyl compound would have hydrogen bonding?

Answer 33

``` FON Fluorine Oxygen and Nitrogen the compound carboxylic acid would have hydrogen bonding due to the OH bonding ```

Question 34

For carbonyl compounds with the same number of carbons, we would expect the melting and boiling points of…

Answer 34

Ketones and aldehydes to be similar Carboxylic acids to be higher than both ketones and aldehyde

Question 35

As the length of carbon chain increases in carbonyl compounds, the…

Answer 35

strength of van der waals forces increases so melting and boiling point increases

Question 36

What’s the rule of thumb with polar bonds?

Answer 36

Likes dissolves like so polar bonds dissolve in polar substances and non polar bonds dissolve in non polar substances

Question 37

All carbonyl compounds are polar, | why is that?

Answer 37

because the C-O bond being polar Carbon is less electronegative than oxygen so the delta positive charge will be on the carbon atom whilst the Oxygen has the negative one

Question 38

What would be expect of carbonyl compounds?

Answer 38

Because they are all polar bonds (due to carbonyl group C=O) we would expect them to dissolve in water as water is polar so we’d expect them to be highly soluble in water So as the length increases the more non polar bonds there are so solubility decreases so only small molecules are highly soluble in water

Question 39

because carboxylic acids have a hydroxyl group that can form hydrogen bonding what would we expect?

Answer 39

we would expect it to be more soluble than ketones and aldehyde