Aldehydes and ketones Flashcards
(15 cards)
Name this aldehyde.
2,3 dimethylhexanal
Name this ketone.
hexan-2-one
Name this molecule.
4-hydroxymethyl benzaldehyde
Can a ketone have 2 carbons?
No, that would mean the C=O is on the end so it would be an aldehyde
What type of intermolecular forces are there between carbonyl compounds?
Permanent dipole-dipole
Are carbonyl compounds soluble in water?
Yes, if they have short chains.
What type of reactions are associated with C=O?
Nucleophilic addition reactions
Why is the CN- ion an important nucleophile?
It increases the length of the carbon chain by one.
What is the product of the reaction of a carbonyl (ketone or aldehyde) with potassium cyanide called?
Hydroxynitriles
What are aldehydes oxidised to?
Carboxylic acids
Can ketones be oxidised?
No, because a C-C bond would have to be broken.
What are ketone reduced to?
Secondary alcohols
Name a reducing agent that turns ketones and aldehydes into alcohols.
NaHBr4
What are aldehydes reduced to?
Primary alcohols
What chemical test you could use to distinguish between propanal and propanone?
Tollens’ reagent (or Fehlings), warm, propanal produces a silver mirror (Tollens’) or brick-red precipitate (Fehlings). No change for propanone
