Algae

Question 1

what are algae?

Answer 1

photosynthetic protists.

Question 2

Phycology is the study of what?

Answer 2

algae.

Question 3

In the oceanic setting, what do algae do?

Answer 3

they play a similar role for photosynthetic land plants.

Question 4

What is a monophyletic group?

Answer 4

an ancestor and all its descendants.

Question 5

What is a paraphyletic group?

Answer 5

an ancestor and only some of its descendants. (superficial.)

Question 6

What is a polyphyletic group?

Answer 6

unrelated organisms grouped together.

Question 7

What three characteristics are used to determine differences between green, red and brown algae?

Answer 7

1. chloroplast pigments.
2. food storage form.
3. cell wall.

Question 8

Brown (Phaeophyta) Algae have what chloroplast pigments?

Answer 8

Chl a, Chl c, and carotenoids. The predominant is fucoxanthin.

Question 9

Red (Rhodophyta) Algae have what chloroplast pigments?

Answer 9

Chl a and phycobilin. The predominant is phycoerythium. (erithro means red.)

Question 10

Green (Chlorophyta) Algae have what chloroplast pigments?

Answer 10

Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids. The predominant is Chl a.

Question 11

What food storage form do Phaeophyta use (brown)?

Answer 11

Laminarin (Stored in vacuoles) makes up 34% of body weight.

Question 12

What food storage form do Rhodophyta (red) use?

Answer 12

Fioridean starch (cytosol.)

Question 13

What food storage form do green (Chlorophyta) use?

Answer 13

starch in plastids.

Question 14

What is the cell wall of Phaeophyta (Brown) made of?

Answer 14

cellulose and algin.

Question 15

What is the cell wall of Rhodophyta (red) made of?

Answer 15

cellulose, carrageenan, and agor.

Question 16

What is the cell wall of Chlorophyta (green) made of?

Answer 16

cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.

Question 17

What is algin?

Answer 17

gooey stuff that keeps the cell hydrated.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of Division Phaeophyta?

Answer 18

1. mostly marine
2. multicellular
3. dominate rocky shorelines in cold water.
4. Have two growth forms: rockweed and kelp.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of rockweed?

Answer 19

1. short and highly branched.
2. gametic meiosis.
3. only haploid at gametes.

Question 20

What are the characteristics of kelp?

Answer 20

1. taller, fewer branches.
2. have alteration of generations life cycle
3. multicellular diploid stage
4. reproduction occurs in the haploid stage.

Question 21

What are the parts (anatomical) of the kelp plant?

Answer 21

1. the holdfast (looks like a root but not a root)
2. the stipe (looks like a stem)
3. blade (looks like a leaf, is photosynthetic and has similar cells.)
4. air bladders buoyancy.

Question 22

How large can giant kelp grow?

Answer 22

greater than 60 meters.

Question 23

In the deeper parts of the ocean, how do kelp transport food?

Answer 23

with trumpet cells. (look like phloem.)

Question 24

Why do kelp not need a xylem like organ?

Answer 24

they are already surrounded by water.

Question 25

What are some ways we use brown algae?

Answer 25

kelp is burned for ash. are used as fertilizer, and algin is used in foods, paper, textiles, brewing, etc.)

Question 26

What are the characteristics of the division Rhodophyta? (red)

Answer 26

1. mostly marine, especially tropical or warm waters. 2. most are multicellular. 3. found more deep in water than any other photosynthetic organism. (268 m in depth, deepest organism found; 100 m shallower if not red algae.) 4. can be purple, blue, or black. 5. biggest group deposits lime in cell walls. (coralline algae, but are not corals.)

Question 27

What are the uses of red algae?

Answer 27

1. eaten for food (Irish moss was eaten during potato famine.) 2. source of agar. 3. source of carrageenan (emulsifier)

Question 28

What are the characteristics of Division Chlorophyta?

Answer 28

1. more diverse than brown or red. 2. occur in fresh/salt water, trees, soil, and snow. 3. often recognized by cell division (one chloroplast per cell.) 4. alternation of generations (isomorphic)

Question 29

viridaplantae is a monophyletic group that contains what two organisms?

Answer 29

green algae and plants.

Question 30

Green Algae is what type of phyletic group?

Answer 30

paraphyletic.

Question 31

Classes end in what?

Answer 31

phycae.

Question 32

What are the characteristics of Plantae?

Answer 32

alteration of germinations life cycle and both haploid and diploid multi-cellular stages.

Question 33

What are the uses of green algae?

Answer 33

base of most aquatic food chains, some are eaten, used by animals to become photosynthetic (Kleptoplasty).

Question 34

Chlorophyta includes what type of algae groups?

Answer 34

unicellular, filamentous, colonial, coenocytic (multi-nuclear) and multicellular.