Chapter 24 Roots

Question 1

Which type of plant has a pith?

Answer 1

monocots

Question 2

What layer sits right inside of the endodermis?

Answer 2

pericycle

Question 3

What are the lines called between the primary xylem and primary phloem?

Answer 3

the vascular cambium

Question 4

What three tissues make up the periderm?

Answer 4

cork (produced outward by cork cambium)
cork cambium (from secondary meristem)
phelloderm (grows inward from cork cambium)

Question 5

Where do lateral or branch roots grow from?

Answer 5

they grow from the pericycle

Question 6

what is another name for aerial roots?

Answer 6

adventitious roots

Question 7

Aerial roots serve three functions. Name them.

Answer 7

aeration
stabilization
support

Question 8

Describe aerial roots.

Answer 8

they are a root the grows from an above ground location.

Question 9

monocot and dicot are what type of names?

Answer 9

taxonomic (like mammal vs. reptile.)

Question 10

True or false. Roots need oxygen for respiration.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

How do plants thrive in flooding areas?

Answer 11

they form aerenchyma tissue (from parenchyma tissue) in roots to ventilate submerged tissues.

Question 12

True or false. Some plants grow roots up out of the water to help with aeration (grow from ground upward.)

Answer 12

True.

Question 13

What are Pneumatophores?

Answer 13

negative gravitropic roots that grow from underwater upward to aerate below water tissues.

Question 14

What are contractile roots?

Answer 14

roots on bulbed plants that can shorten to draw the bulb below ground during adverse conditions. (10-70%)

Question 15

What are epiphyte roots?

Answer 15

they form a commensal relationship with another plant and grow roots around them. This helps hold the plant in place. It does not hurt the other plant.

Question 16

Buttress roots

Answer 16

grown in areas with shallow soil to support the plant. The roots grow upward making a sort of maze.

Question 17

haustorium

Answer 17

a root that is parasitic. Example: dodder root is the most famous.

Question 18

Storage root:

Answer 18

most store carbs, some store a lot of carbs. They also store water. Examples: Raphanus sativus and Beta vulgaris)

Question 19

What is mutualism?

Answer 19

when species interact where both of them benefit.

Question 20

mycorrhizae is?

Answer 20

plant roots that interact w soil fungi. (name means fungus root)

Question 21

Why is it beneficial for plants to interact with underground fungus?

Answer 21

fungi have access to phosphorus, nitrogen, and water for the plant, and in exchange, the plant feeds the fungi carbohydrates.

Question 22

endomycorrhiza is?

Answer 22

chitin; stains blue in microscopy and shows fungus not the plant.

Question 23

Prokaryotes can break molecular Nitrogen bond, which is triple bonded and requires the most energy to break. What are the round things on plants with prokaryotic structures called?

Answer 23

root nodules.

Question 24

What are the benefits received from a plant forming a relationship with prokaryotes?

Answer 24

the plant gets nitrogen (most energy expansion)
bacteria get fed and housed. they can live inside cells of plants, and once there, act more like organelles than organisms.

Question 25

What are prokaryotes called when they are enveloped into plant tissue?

Answer 25

bacteroids.