Algae and Water Quality Flashcards
1
Q
What is the main cause of acid rain?
A
Fossil fuels more specifically coal
2
Q
When moving your slide to the right what directions does the field of view go?
A
LEFT
3
Q
What are the characteristics of Volvox?
A
- Volvox forms a sphere of 500 or more cells
- 2 flagella that move the colony through the water
- Daughter colonies that can be seen as darker spheres within the colony
- Volvox causes “algae blooms” during the summer months
- Fish hatcheries: blooms cause large numbers that can damage the gills of young fish
- Gives water a fishy odor when present in large numbers
3
Q
Which of the following has the BEST Dissolved 0xygen?
Warm water or cold water?
A
Cold water
3
Q
What structure is used by Euglena for locomotion?
A
Flagella
4
Q
What are the main sources of chlorine?
A
Waste water and industry
5
Q
How does clean vs polluted water affect species diversity?
A
- Clean water has relatively “LOW” populations: HIGH species diveristy
- Polluted water has HIGH populations and LOW species diversity
6
Q
Water Changes
Which of the following would require you change your water:
- Low nitrite
- High alkalinity
- pH 7
- High ammonia
A
High ammonia
8
Q
What are the characteristics of Pandorina?
A
- Pandorina occurs in groups of 8, 16, or 32 cells
- 2 flagella help roll the colony through the water
- Fishy Odor
8
Q
What are the characteristics of OSCILLATORIA?
A
- # 2: Second most tolerant aglae of organic pollution
- OSCILLATORIA: names refers to the movement that is characteristics of living filaments
- Filaments oscillate or glide back and forth
- Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria)
- Often found with Euglena
8
Q
Which 2 algae have a grassy odor?
A
- Staurastrum
- Spirogyra
8
Q
What algae is known to clog the gills of young fish at a fish hatchery?
A
Volvox
9
Q
Which 2 algae have a “fishy” odor?
A
- Vovox
- Pandorina
10
Q
Which algae has 3, 16 and 32 cells?
A
Pandorina
12
Q
What are the characteristics of closterium?
A
- Closterium may form large alge blooms in lakes found in southern states
- Algae blooms cause filter clogging problems in water treatment plants
12
Q
Which algae are filaments?
A
Stegioclonium, Spirogyra, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Rivularia
13
Q
What color are most diatoms?
A
Yellow brown (golden)
14
Q
Which algae can cause death to livestock and fish
A
Anabaena
15
Q
What is nuetral?
A
7 pH
16
Q
What are the characteristics of Euglena?
A
- # 1: most tolerant of organic pollution
- Found in farm ponds, lagoons, sewage treatment plants
- Likes water with high nitrates
- In some Euglena the chlorphyll is hidden by a red pigment
- Animal like: flagella
- Plant like: chloroplasts
- in 1947, turned an ohio river blood red (algae bloom)
17
Q
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
A
Sugar + Oxygen ———> Carbon Dioxide + Water
18
Q
At what pH would you start to notice issues with reproduction?
A
pH 4
19
Q
Which algae is the most tolerant of polluiton?
A
Euglena
19
Q
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
A
Carbon dioide + Water——> Sugar + Oxygen
20
Which algae is a problem for Northern states?
Diatoms
22
What would happen if you didn't have plants in your aquarium?
Nitrate levels would increase
23
Which 2 algae are found together in polluted water?
* Euglena
* Oscillatoria
23
Fish survival
5 mg/l or greater
25
Which algae are filaments?
* Anabaena
* Spirogyra
* Stegeoclonium
* Oscillatoria
* Rivularia
25
What bacteria converts ammonia to nitrite?
Nitrosomonas
25
Which algae reproduces with daughter cells?
Volvox
25
What is the purpose of spikes and projection?
It increases surface area which helps it stay afloat
25
What would be the sequence for assessing water quality at a lake, pond or river?
1. Observation
2. Sample water and evaluate algae and insects
3. Simple water quality tests (temperature, ammonia, nitrtite, nitrate, conductivity, alkalinity and pH)
4. Specific chemical panal that looks for toxins
26
When moving your slide the left what directions does your field of view go?
Right
27
Why is euglena considered both animal like and plant like?
It has chloroplasts like a plant (photosynthesis) and a flagella for movement that makes it animal like.
28
What is a base?
8 - 14 pH
29
What algae causes pollution in small amounts?
Anabaena
30
Polluted water has _______________ numbers and ___________ diversity.
High/Low
31
Which algae has a a twisted chlorophyll?
Spirogyra
32
Which algae are cyanobacteria?
Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Rivularia
33
Fish is gasping for air
3 - 4 mg/l
34
Clean water has _______________ numbers and _________ diversity.
Low/ High
35
What is an acid
0 - 6 pH
36
Which has more H+ ions?
Acid
38
At what pH does your fish die?
pH 3
39
Water clarity is a measure of its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Turbidity
40
What is the correct sequence when using the objectives?
RED, YELLOW, BLUE
40
This algae has gypsum in its tips
Closterium
41
What are the characteristics of Stigeoclonium?
* **Stigeoclonium:** Small populations can be found attached to rocks in clean water
* **Filament**
* Abundant in water with high levels of organic matter
* **MOST COMMON** type of algae found in t**rickling filters** at water treatment plants, helps clean water by removing nitrates.
42
which algae is the second most tolerant of pollution?
Oscillatoria
44
What are the characteristics of Navicula?
* **Navicula** is a member of the group called "**diatoms**"
* Hard cell wall is made up of **"silica"**
* The hard cell walls do not decompose when the cells die
* Skeletons creat problems by clogging water treatment plant filters
* **Shape: cigar or boat shaped**
46
What instrument is used to test turbidity?
Secchi disk
47
What are the characteristics of Anabaena?
* **Anabaena** can cause odor problems even when populations are small
* **PIG PEN ODOR:** when present in large numbers
* Odor may be due to death and decay
* Filaments appear like tiny grapes
* **Blue-Green Algae (CYANOBACTERIA)** can fix its own nitrogen so it doesn't need high levels of nitrates or organic material
* **TOXIC** to animals, can cause **death to livestock** drinking the water and **kill fish**
* **Humans** may get **skin rashes** associated with algae blooms
48
Which algae can cause skin rashes in humans?
Anabaena
49
Which algae is an indicator of clean water?
Batrachosperum
50
What are the characteristics of BATRACHOSPERMUM?
* **Batrachospermum**
* Found in s**haded areas** of reservoirs
* Likes s**oft water**
* Does **NOT LIKE** constant **sun**
* Likes **COLD WATER**
* Likes low levels of organic material
* **INDICATOR OF CLEAN WATER**
* Creates problems for **irrigation canals**
50
What property of water allows ice to freeze in the winter and float on the surface?
Density
51
When are diatoms most abundant?
Spring and Fall
53
The shells of a diatom are made up of what mineral?
Silica
55
What causes high organic pollution in water?
Excess nutrients in the water
57
Which is larger?
Low or High power
Low Power
59
What are the main sources of ammonia?
Waste water, industry and agriculture
60
What are the **two main minerals** found in hard water?
Calcium and Magnesium
61
fish death
63
What are the characteristics of mixed diatoms?
* **Diatoms:** Tiny boxes composed of **silica**
* Prefer **cold water**
* More abundant in **spring** and **fall**
* Creat headaches for water treatment plants
* Chlorine is used to kill diatoms as it enters water treatment plants
* Major cause of clogged filters at water treatment plants
64
What is alkalinity?
The BUFFERING capacity of water.
Stops wide variations of pH
65
Which algae is known for turning waters red?
Euglena
66
Which algae has gypsum crystals in the tips?
Closterium
67
What is pH?
A measurement of the changes of H+ and OH-
68
Which algae is the most widely distrubuted?
Scenedesmus
69
Which algae has an eyespot?
Euglena
71
What bacteria converts nitrite to nitrate?
Nitrobacter
72
What are the characteristics of Spirogyra?
* **Spriogyra** is a bright green color
* **Chloroplas**t (used in photosynthesis) is **twisted** like a spiral staircase
* **Filaments** float just beneath the surface
* **Grassy Odor**
* Clogs water treatment plants
74
What algae is condered a clean water indicator?
Batrachospermum
75
How many diaphram setting are there when controlling light?
5
1 is small hole
5 is large
76
Which algae fixes nitrogen?
Anabaena
77
What are the characteristics of Staurastrum?
* Staurastrum has spiked projections that increase surface area and improve their ability to float
* Blooms create a **"grassy odor"**
* The odor can be a problem for drinking water
78
What are the characteristics of Rivularia?
* **Rivularia** is found in rivers and streams
* **Slimy** covering on plants or rocks
* **Filaments** break off and clog water filters at water treatment plants
79
What is a cyanobacteria?
Blue- green algae
Anaebena, oscillatoria, Rivularia
80
Which algae are Cyanobacteria?
* Anbaena
* Oscillatoria
* Rivularia
81
Which of the following is the **LEAST** toxic to your fish?
Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate
Nitrate
82
This algae is covered in mucus. It atttaches itself to rocks and plants. It is slimy and slippery.
Rivularia
83
What are the characteristics of Scenedesmus?
* **Scenedesmus** is the **MOST WIDLEY DISTRIBUTED** of all the freshwater algae.
* Can live in water with **LOW** levels of **pollution** or in lagoons with **HIGH** levels of **pollution** found at sewage treatment plants
* Cells of the colony are always **PARALLEL** to each other
* Cells may be stacked **one, two or four** cells
