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visceral anat > alimentary > Flashcards

alimentary Flashcards

1
Q

at what level trachea starts, enters diaphragm and stomach?

A

C6, T10, T11

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2
Q

embryonic origin of falciform ligament?

A

ventral mesentery

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3
Q

the part of ventral mesentery between anterior liver anteriorly and stomach posteriorly forms the ……

A

lesser omentum

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4
Q

the greater omentum forms from …..

A

dorsal mesentery

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5
Q

what are the attachments of greater omentum?

A

transverse mesocolon, gastrosplenic ligament, greater curvature of stomach, first part of duodenum

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6
Q

what are the attachments of lesser omentum?

A

lesser curvature of stomach-hepatogastric , first part of duodenum-hepatoduodenal, posterior surface of liver

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7
Q

function of lesser sac?

A

movement or expansion of stomach

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8
Q

function of greater omentum?

A

immune-macrophages, damage and inflammation protection.

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9
Q

what is epiploic foramen?

A

the opening behind free edge of lesser omentum

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10
Q

why do we have retroperitoneal organs?

A

due to the dusion of mesentery with posterior body wall.

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11
Q

what is the level of pyloric sphincter?

A

transpyloric plane

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12
Q

whats the level of cardiac orifice?

A

xiphosternal joint-

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13
Q

what is the name dedicated to duodenal folds?

A

plicae

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14
Q

what does the root of mesentery suspend?

A

jejunum and ileum

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15
Q

features of jejunal mesentery?

A

long vasa recta, fewer arcades, less fatty, thicker, more vascular, payers patches few and small

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16
Q

features of ileum’s mesentery?

A

shorter vasa recta, many arcades, more fat, less inner folds==> thinner walls, more payers patches.

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17
Q

what is the level of junction of cecum and ascending colon?

A

ileocecal vav\lve

18
Q

what is the classical name for opening of appendix into ceacum?

A

Mcburneys poinlateral 1/3 of a line drawn from umbilicus to ASIS.

19
Q

what ligament attaches left colic flexure to diaphragm?

A

phrenicocolic ligament

20
Q

sigmoid colon is from ….. to ….

A

pelvic brim to S3

21
Q

what are the recesses behind caecum and sigmoid colon?

A

retrocaecal recess, intersigmoidal recess.

22
Q

where does rectum start and end?

A

S3 to pelvic diaphragm-tip of coccyx.

23
Q

differences between rectum and sigmoid colon?

A

rectum-no sacculations, tenia coli, no epiploic appendices, and no mesentery.

24
Q

where do haemorrhoids originate?

A

superior and inferior rectal veins which join to form a plexus in submucosa of rectal wall.

25
Q

what are the two classifications of folds in rectum?

A

temporary longitudinal in ampulla, permanent horizontal valves 3. the middle fold is where ampulla starts.

26
Q

what are the peritoneum attachments to rectum?

A

upper 1/3 anterolateral, middle 1/3 anterior-forms retrovesicular/rectouterine pouch, lower 1/3 none.

27
Q

what does the pectinate line represent histologically?

A

the transition of mucosa to skin.

28
Q

what type of epithelium is rectum and anal canal?

A

rectum-simple columnar
top part of anal canal-simple columnar
middle/after pectinate line is non-keratinised stratified squamous epi, then after white line keratinised st.sq epi AKA skin.

29
Q

what muscle forms a slit around anorectal junstion?

A

puborectalis.

30
Q

what line separates non-keratinised part of anal canal and skin part?

A

white line

31
Q

what separates vaganal and anal openings in females?

A

perineal body.

32
Q

whats the relationship between pancreas and lesser and greater sac?

A

superior body surface is facing lesser sac, the inferior body surface is facing greater sac.

33
Q

what level is spleen located at?

A

ribs9-11

34
Q

what are the two ligaments holding spleen in cavity?

A

splenorenal and gastrosplenic

35
Q

what parts of spleen are mostly sharp or round?

A

sharp-anterior border

round-posterior

36
Q

what is the blood supply and drainage of spleen?

A

splenic artery-branch of coeliac trunk

splenic vein drained into portal vein

37
Q

what is the level of liver and gallbladder?

A

5th rib to costal margin

gallbladder-9th costal cartilage and linea semilunaris

38
Q

what constitutes the left functional liver?

A

left lobe, caudate and quadrate + left hepatic artery

39
Q

what is the blood supply of liver?

A

nutrient rich portal vein
oxygen rich hepatic artery proper
drained by hepatic veins into IVC

40
Q

what are the attachments of ligamentum teres?

A

from umbilicus to lower edge of the falciform and then into fissure for ligamentum venosum,

41
Q

what are the ligaments attached to liver?

A

ligamentum teres, falciform, coronary, left and right triangular, lesser omentum

42
Q

what are the 2 liver embryonic remnants ?

A

ligamentum teres and venosum- both from left fetal umbilical vein.

visceral anat (4 decks)

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