Alimentary - Esophagus, Forestomachs, Stomach

Question 1

Esophagus

Answer 1

• Anomalies - megaesophagus
• Secondary megaesophagus
• Choke
• Inflammation

Question 2

Forestomachs

Answer 2

• Bloat (tympany)
• Foreign bodies - traumatic reticuloperitonitis
• Rumenitis + acidosis - via carb overload

Question 3

Congenital Megaesophagus - Persistent right aortic arch (PRAA)

Answer 3

• can also be acquired in dogs
• idiopathic
• myasthenia gravis manifestation

Question 4

Choke

Answer 4

• reflux esophagitis
• white, shimmered appearance of esophagus
• Erosive - ulcerative esophagitis - BVD

Question 5

Parasitic Esophagitis

Spirocerca lupi in dogs

Answer 5

• chronic granulomatous esophagitis –> neoplasm –> sarcomatous lesions
• osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

Question 6

Bloat/Ruminal tympany

Answer 6

• over distension of rumen and reticulum

- via gases from fermentation

Question 7

Primary Bloat

Answer 7

-new diets that promote foam formation

Question 8

Secondary Bloat

Answer 8

• physical/function esophageal obstruction
• failure to eructate
• vagus indigestion, esophageal papilloma, lymphosarcoma

Question 9

Bloat Line

Answer 9

-most reliable post-mortem indicator of pre-mortem bloat

Question 10

Foreign body - traumatic reticuloperitonitis

Answer 10

Hardware Dz

-vagus indigestion and ruminal atony

Question 11

Hardware Dz

Answer 11

May lead to chronic pericarditis and epicarditis

Question 12

Chemical rumenitis

Answer 12

• lactic acidosis
• grain overload
• STELLATE ULCERS (ruminal scars)

Question 13

GDV

Answer 13

• large, deep chested dogs

- abdominal distension, non-productive retching, hypersalivation, restlessness

Question 14

GDV in sow

Answer 14

• after excessive intake of food and water
• followed by physical activity
• competitive groups

Question 15

GDV

Answer 15

Intraluminal hemorrhage

Question 16

Abomasal displacement

Answer 16

• post parturient dairy cow/calve
• L sided - nonfatal; partial obstruction of abomasal flow
• R -15% of displacements, 20% will be abomasal volvulus

Question 17

Abomasal displacement

Answer 17

• abdominal pain
• inc HR
• anorexia, dehydration
• depressed peristalsis with lack of feces and tympany
• high pitch ping

Question 18

Gastric impaction/rupture

Answer 18

• intestinal obstruction
• adynamic (paralytic) or mechanical ileus
• inhibition of bowel motility

Question 19

chronic diaphragmatic hernia leads to….

Answer 19

gastric rupture and death

Question 20

Gastric ulceration

Answer 20

• pigs with finely ground rations
• high wheat component plays a role
• pigs - located in esophageal portion of stomach
• Helicobacter!!!

Question 21

NSAIDS in a horse can lead to?

Answer 21

Gastric ulceration

• dec prostaglandin production (important for perfusion of mucosa)
• limited protective role

Question 22

In dogs, gastric ulceration can result from?

Answer 22

Mast-cell tumors

Question 23

MOST gastric ulcers in cats and dogs are idiopathic

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Gastric ulcers result from mast cell tumors via

Answer 24

• Histamine release

- Inc HCL production

Question 25

Dogs with solitary cutaneous mast cell tumors can have

Answer 25

Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer

Question 26

Gastric Inflammation

Answer 26

- Pigs - thrombosis and hemorrhage (venous infarct) is secondary to endotoxemia or bact sepsis - Ruminant/Horse - occasionally

Question 27

Uremic gastropathy (gastritis)

Answer 27

- dog with renal dz - shi-tzu - Von Kossa stain - gastric mineralization

Question 28

Bacterial gastritis/abomasitis

Answer 28

- lamb - Braxy (bradsot) - Clostridium septicum - necro-hemorrhagic with submucosal emphysema - gas production

Question 29

Mycotic gastritis

Answer 29

- Long term Ab therapy - destroys normal flora - promotes angio-invasive fungi -- Aspergillus, Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucors - Sepsis and debilitating conditions - predisposing

Question 30

Parasitic gastritis

Answer 30

Gasterophilus nasalis and intestinalis --> erosive-ulcerative lesions

Question 31

Abomasal folds

Answer 31

- Proliferative (hyperplasia) abomasitis - Ostertagia | - Moroccan leather

Question 32

Mycotic vasculitis

Answer 32

-results from vascular fungi | -

Question 33

Drashia megastoma (spirurid nematode)

Answer 33

- granulomatous gastritis | - brood pouch close to margo plicatus (mucosal/submucosal nodule)

Question 34

``` Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) -sheep, goats, cattle ```

Answer 34

Parasitic abomasitis: - blood loss - anemia - hypoproteinemia

Question 35

Gastric neoplasia

Answer 35

Gastric squamous cell carcinoma; peritoneal carcinomatosis

Question 36

Gastic/multicentric lymphosarcoma

Answer 36

-abomasal involvement with ulceration of folds