Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ex Phys > Alititdue > Flashcards

Alititdue Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

barometric pressure

A

Pb: the amount of pressure that exerted by a 24 mile tall air column
- arround 760 mmHg at sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

partial pressure of oxygen

A
  • PO2: the amount of pressure exerted by oxygen
  • normally 20.93% of Pbo
  • the PO2 in the atmosphere affects the PO2 in the lungs, tissues, and blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

does the composition of gas change

A

no just the pressure changes at different altituduesh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hypobaria

A

ambient air pressure that is lower than normal atmospheric pressure at sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can hypobaria result in

A

hypoxia or hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the different classifications of elevation

A

sea level
low altitide
moderate altitdue
high altitude
extreme high alitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the elevation at sea level and the effects on the body

A

< 500 m
- no effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is elevation at low alititude and effects on the body

A

500 - 2000 m
- generally well tolerated having no effects on well being except elderly may have a hard time
- can see short adaptations made
- may see a decrease in performance but is restored by acclimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is elevation at moderate altitiude and the effects on the body

A

2000-3000 m
- effects seen in those who are unacclimated: decrease in performance and aerobic capacity
- performance may or may not be restored by acclimation
- anaerobic activity doesn’t change it may actually improve @ altitidue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is elevation at high altitiude and the effects on the body

A

3000-5500
- acute mountain sickness or hypoxia seen
- decrease in performance that cant be restored by acclimation
- individuals who grew up in high altitudes normally have small statures in order to use less o2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is elevation at extreme high altitides

A

> 5500 m
- severe hypoxic events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is altitidue considered for our case

A

> 1500 m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in short how does altidue affect exercise

A

decrease in preformance with an increase in caloric expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

air temp @ altitude

A

temp decrease by 1 degree/150 m ascent which contributed to risk of cold related disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

humidity at altitude

A
  • cold air hold very little water so air is dry
  • increase in barometric pressure also connected 1/ decreased humidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does dry air affect the body

A
  • quick dehydration via skin and lungs making it hard to exercise
  • dry air pulls moisture out of the skin and lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sunlight at altitude

A

solar radiation is increased at high altitidues
- UV rays travel through less atmosphere
- water also normally absorbs sun radiation but low water vaport at altitude cant
- snow also reflects and amplifies solar radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the physiological response to acute altitude exposure

A
  • increase in immediate pulmonary ventialtion @ rest and submax exercise
  • increase ventilation
  • pulmonary diffusion
  • osygen transport
  • decrease in gas exchange @ muscles
  • decrease in plasma volume
  • increase in RBC count
  • cardiac output increase despite decrease PV and SV
  • increase muscle extraction of O2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is an increase in pulmonary ventilation seen

A
  • decrease PO2 = chemorecpetors in aortic arch and cartoids stimulated = brain increases breathing and HR = increase in tidal volume for several hours/days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is ventilation affected at altitude

A
  • alveolar PCO2 decreases = increase in CO2 gradient
  • body wants to increase O2 so will increase ventilation and hyperventilation = blowing off more CO2 = decrease in blood CO2 levels = respiratory alkalosis = high blood pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does blowing off CO2 and hyperventialation affect the body

A

shifts the oxyhemoglobin curve left and prevents further hypoxia driven hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the kidneys response to increased ventilation

A
  • since increased ventilation leads to respiatory alkalosis, kidneys excrete more bivard to minimize blood buffering capacity
  • blood pH decreases and returns to normal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pulmonary diffusion as an acute response to altitude exposure

A
  • at rest it doesnt limit gas exchange with the blood and at altitude alveolar PO2 still = capillary PO2
  • hypoxemia results with a low alveolar PO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

oxygen transport as an acute response to altitude exposure

A
  • decrease in alveolar PO2 = decrease o2 hemoglobin saturation
  • oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifts left
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How is gas exchange in muscles affected as an acute response to altitude exposure
- PO2 gradient at muscles decreases even if hemoglobin is saturated = decreased exercise capacity in muscle function and performance
26
how does plasma volume change as a result of an acute response to altitude exposure
- Respiratory water loss + increased urine production = loss of water in the first few hours - can lose up to 25% PV = increase in hematocrit = increase in O2 density - can see an increase in RHR to compensate
27
how much water must be consumed to compensate for water loss
about 3-5 L/day
28
how is RBC count affected in response to acute altitude exposure
after a few weeks/months RBC count will increase - hypoxia triggers EPO release from kidneys = increase in RCV production in bone marrow increasing longterm hematocrit
29
how is cardiac outpute affected in response to acute altitude exposure
cardiac outpite increases despitedecrease in PV and SV to deliver more O2 to tissues/min - increases SNS activity to increase HR
30
how does muscles extract more O2
increase in AVO2 difference is seen = reduced demand for CO although theres a decrease in O2 there is more O2 in muscles
31
what is another equation for VO2 max
decrease PO2 gradient + Qmax = decrease in VO2max
32
metabolic changes in response to acute exposure to atlititye
basal metabolc rate increases, - more reliance on glucose vs fat = more pyruvate production - increase in anaerobic metabolism due to increase pyruvate
33
how does basal metabolic rate change in response to acute altitude exposure
- increase in thyroxine secretion - increase in catecholamine secretion - can lead to a loss of weight if food intake doesn't increase bc appetite also declines - this is seen just with an increase in altitude more of an increase is seen with cold
34
what happens to lactic acid production over time
decreases over time
35
how does atompspheric PO2 change with ascent
it drops about 8-11%/1000 m ascent
36
what is the Mt everest ascent studye
vo2 max decrease from 62 --> 15 mL/kg/min - found that at sea level VO2 <50 mL/kg/min person couldn't climb without supplemental oxygen
37
how does aerobic exercise performance change with altitude
- it is affected the most - VO2 max decrease as a percentage of sea level VO2 max - given tasks still have the same absolute O2 requirements - higher sea level VO2 max --> easier perceived effort vice versa
38
how is anaerboic exercise affected with altitide
not affected that much - minimal O2 requirements so avail oxygen doesn't matter
39
why is swim, run times, jump distance, and throwing events affected
there is thinner air resistance
40
acclimation to altitide
chronic expsorue - takes about 3 wks at moderate altitudes + 1 week for every additional 600 m - shows improved performance at this height
41
how long does acclimation last when coming back down to sea level
1 month
42
chronic pulmonary adaptations to altitude
increased ventilation at rest and submax exercise - rate is 40% higher than @ sea level in 3-4 days
43
chronic blood adaptations to altitude
EPO release increase for 2-3 days with sustained elevation for 3+ months - stimulates polycythemia - PV will decrease then increase
44
what is polycythemia
- increase in RBC count and hematocrit - not good at sea level
45
what are the consequences of polycthemia
the oxyhemoglobin curve may or may not shift
46
why does PV decrease and then increase as a chronic change to altitude
early loss of PV due to fluid loss and --> increases hematocrit prior to polycythemia --> erythropoeitin increases production of RBC --> increases PV --> increases SV and CO
47
functional and structural changes of muscles after chronic exposure to altitidue
- decrease in cross sectional area - increase in capillary density via angiogenesis - decrease in muscle mass due to weight loss, possibly protein wasting
48
metabolic changes in muscles after chronic exposure to alitidue
increase in metabolic potential - mitochondrial function and glycolytic enzyme increase - oxidative capacity increase due to increase in myoglobin, hemoglobin and sugar metabolism
49
hwat did a study with runners at altitude show
that there are no major changes especially with aerobic capacity - there was more tolleration to hypoxia - can be due to decreased atmospheric pressure whcih inhibits training intensity
50
how to optomize training performance
- take into acount the training and competing environments - articial altitude training - alternating training high and low
51
what are the different training possibilies for competing
- living and training high - live low compete high - live high train low
52
what did living and training high show
- leads to dehydration, low blood volume, low muscle mass - not validated for doing this for sea level competition
53
what did living low and training high show
must compete ASAP after ariving at altitude so you can compete before any adverse effects - can also train high for 2 wks before competing bc then the worst adverse affects are dont by this time - aerobic training @ altitude is not effective
54
what did living high and training low shoe
- permits passive acclimation to altitude, the best for both conditions - training intensity isnt compromise by low PO2 - outcome was tested on a 5k run time trial
55
what did the 5k run time trial for living high and training low show
signification improvement in run time was found for those who lived high and trained low
56
what was recently found with living high and training low conditions
aerobic performance increases by 1.1% w 3.2% VO2 max improvement
57
what did living in a hypoxic apartment sho
increase PN2 and decreased PCO2 and then trained normally showed some benefits - not scientifically validated yet tho
58
artifical altitude training
an attmept to gain benefits of hypoxia at sea level - breathe hypoxic air 1-2 hrs per day and train normally didnt show much improviements
59
alternating training high and low
training high = stimulates altitude acclimation - training low doesnt lose altitude acclimation and permits maximal aerobic training
60
what are health risks of acute altitude exposure
- acute altitude (mountain) sickness - high altitude pilmonary edema - high altituude cerebral edema
61
how long does it take for acute altitude sickness to onset
about 6-48 hours after arrival - most severe is seen after 2-3 days
62
what are the symptoms and treatment for acute altitude sickness
- symptoms: headache, nausea/vomitting, dyspnea and insomnia - treatments: gradual ascent, can use acetylzolamine or steroids , artifical O2, hyperbaric rescue bags
63
what are teh possible causes of acute altitude sickness
- low ventilaroty response: cant pull neoug O2 in due to pressure gradient change = headache and nausea - CO2 accymulates: causing acidosis in the blood and body and body will want to get rid of acidity by vomiting - hypoxia = cerebral VD = stretch pain receptors = headache - not enough O2 during sleep and different stages so body will pull out of sleep = insomnia - can also see cheyne stokes breathing in during sleep
64
who has a higher incident of acute altitiude sickness
women
65
high altitude pulmonary edema
- HAPE - increase in blood due to VD but blood slows = swelling - related to hypoxic VD which results in clot formation in the pulmonary circuit - blood O2 decreases = cyanosis = condusion and unconciousness
66
symptoms and treatment of HAPE
symptoms: shortness of breath, cough, tighness, fatigue treatments: supplement with oxygen and immediate descent
67
high altitude cerebal edema
-HACE - escessive VD in brain with decreased capillary action and increased blood flow = swelling
68
symptoms and treatments for HACE
symptoms: confusion, lethargy, ataxia, unconciousness, death treatments: supplement with oxygen, hyperbaric bag, and immediate descent

Ex Phys (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions