Alkaloid Plants

Question 1

What type of alkaloid is the Lily considered to be?

Answer 1

Colchicine

Question 2

What is the MOA of Lily (colchicine alkaloid) in the animal?

Answer 2

Antimitotic in all cells (ESPECIALLY RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS)

Question 3

Monkshade is considered to be what kind of alkaloid?

Answer 3

Diterpine alkloid (buttercup family)

To remember this one I think of powerpuff girls- “Buttercup was always fighting the evil monkey so they wouldn’t die”

Question 4

How does the monkshade plant cause stiffness, bloating, recumbency and CV arrhythmias?

Answer 4

This works by nicotinic blockade at the muscle endplate

Question 5

What is a specific tx for monkshade toxicity?

Answer 5

Physostigmine

Question 6

What is the difference in CS for acute vs. chronic ergot alkaloid toxicity?

Answer 6

Acute: CNS
Chronic: vasoconstriction –> gangrene, abortion, hoof and hair loss (looks like chronic Se)

Question 7

What are the two main examples of indolizidine alkaloids?

Answer 7

Locoweed and milkvetches

“There are LOCO dairy(milkvetches) farmers in INDiana”

Question 8

MOA of milkvetches and locoweed

Answer 8

Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes –> decrease glycoproteins –> decrease ATP

Question 9

What are the two metabolites found to be associated with indolizidine alkaloids?

Answer 9

Nitropropanolol and Se

Question 10

What do Nitropropanolol and Se cause when milkvetches and locoweed are ingested?

Answer 10

Nitropropanolol= neuronal degeneration
Selenium= hoof/hair (chronic) and GI (acute)

Question 11

What type of alkaloid are narcissus, spider/kaffir lily and daphadil considered?

Answer 11

Lycorine

Question 12

How do lycorine alkaloids act in the body?

Answer 12

Emetic/purgative effect

Question 13

What part of the lycorine alkaloids are most toxic?

Answer 13

BULB

Question 14

What are the CS you see with narcissus, spider/kaffir lily and daphadil?

Answer 14

GI, +/- salivation, +/- hypotension

Question 15

What is the plant that is considered to be a muscarine alkaloid?

Answer 15

Poisonous mushroom

“Mario has to jump over mushrooms”

Question 16

How do poisonous mushrooms act in the body?

Answer 16

CNS signs due to muscarinic stimulation

Question 17

What can be used to Tx poisonous mushroom effects?

Answer 17

Atropine

Question 18

Hemlock, lupines and tobacco are considered to be what kind of alkaloid?

Answer 18

Piperidine

“You smoke tobacco through a pipe”

Question 19

What is special about piperidine alkaloids in terms of MOA?

Answer 19

These plants have both nicotinic stimulation AND blockade

Question 20

What are the CNS and fetal signs that are seen with piperidine alkaloids?

Answer 20

CNS- ataxia and “saw horse stance”

Fetal- can’t move causing malformation (cleft palate and skeletal muscle damage)

Question 21

What plant is considered to be both piperidine and pyridine alkaloid?

Answer 21

Tobacco

Question 22

What is the major pyrrolizidine alkaloid that Shokry wants us to know?

Answer 22

RATTLEBOX (senecio, groundsel, ragwort are also examples)

“Shake, rattle (RATTLEbox) and roll (pyrROLizidine)”

Question 23

What are the effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the body?

Answer 23

Hepatotoxicity and encephalopathy (CNS and LIVER damage)

Question 24

T/F: Rattlebox worsens copper toxicity?

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What is the family in the solanine/solanidine alkaloid class?

Answer 25

Nightshade family- tomato and eggplant "At night I put my curtains down to block the solar rays"

Question 26

When are tomatoes and eggplants considered to be toxic?

Answer 26

When they are immature (green)

Question 27

What systems are affected with solanidine alkaloid toxicity?

Answer 27

GI, CNS, Resp and Cardiac

Question 28

What plant is considered to be a taxine alkaloid and associated CS?

Answer 28

Japenese yew- GI and cardiac effects "Taxes are so high in Japan that they give me arrhythmias and stomach aches"

Question 29

What alkaloid type are trumpets, henbane and jimsonweed plants considered to be a part of?

Answer 29

Tropane

Question 30

What are the three metabolites in tropane alkaloid plants?

Answer 30

Atropine, hyoscine and hyoscyamine

Question 31

What are the effects of tropane alkaloids in the body?

Answer 31

GI/CNS stimulaiton

Question 32

What is the antidote for tropane alkaloids?

Answer 32

Physostigmine

Question 33

What are the two most important xanthine alkaloids?

Answer 33

Cocoa and coffee "I just think of xylitol when I read xanthine and cocoa and coffee can both have those inside of them"

Question 34

What is the MOA of xanthine alkaloids?

Answer 34

Block adenosine receptors inhibiting phosphodiesterase causing arrest, seizures and hyperglycemia

Question 35

The release of catecholamines in xanthine alkaloids causes what signs?

Answer 35

Bronchodilation/hypotension and fever

Question 36

The increased amount of Ca/cAMP with xanthine alkaloid toxicosis causes what?

Answer 36

CNS stim, tremors and tachycardia

Question 37

What is the tx for xanthine alkaloids?

Answer 37

Propanolol