Alkanai

Question 1

Jung.f su procentais, moline mase

Answer 1

1. Tarkime
2. n:n
3. junginio moline mase / gauto junginio empirine mase

Question 2

Jung f. Medziagos mase, gauta mase elementu, Doro.

Answer 2

1. Uzrasyti jungini
2. Proporcija tarp medziagos mases ir molines mases / vieno elemento mases ir molines mases
3. Apsiskaiciuoti ora jei lieka medziagos mases
4. n:n
5. n=Mr(junginio)/Mr(emp f)= Doro*M(oro)/Mr(emp f)

Question 3

Isvardinti iki 10 angliu turincius alkanus

Answer 3

CH4- METANAS
C2H6 ETANAS
C3H8 PROPANAS
C4H10 BUTANAS
C5H12 PENTANAS
C6H14 HEKSANAS
C7H16 HEPTANAS
C8H18 OKTANAS
C9H20 NONANAS
C10H22 DEKTANAS

Question 4

Alkano sąvoka, formulė, paplitimas gamtoje, fizikines savybes

Answer 4

Angliavandeniliai prisotinti H
CnH2n+2
Gamtines dujos, nafta ir jos dujos, akmens anglis
C1-C4 dujos, C5-C15 skysciai C16- kietos

Question 5

M(oro)

Deguonies procentas ore

Answer 5

29g/mol

21%

Question 6

Jung.f medziagos m sudegus, gauta m, medziagos tankis

Answer 6

1. Uzrasyti jungini pvz. CxHy+O2-> CO2+H2O
2. Proporcija tarp gautos medziagos mases ir molines mases / elemento joje mase ir molines mases (C)
3. Rasti kitos gauto elemento mase (H)
4. n:n

Question 7

Kaitinant natrio acetata su kitu natrio hidroksidu

Answer 7

CH3COONa+NaOH -> (∆, CaO) CH4+ Na2CO2

Question 8

Aliuminio karbidui reaguojant su vandeniu

Answer 8

Al4C3+ 12H2O -> 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3

Question 9

Viurco sinteze

Answer 9

2C2H5Br+ 2Na -> C4H10 +2NaBr

Question 10

Hidrinimas

Answer 10

CH3-CH=CH2+H2 -> CH3-CH2-CH3 (C3H8)

Question 11

Tiesiogine sinteze

Answer 11

C+2H2 -> CH4

Question 12

Pavadavimo r. Pakaitu r. Radikalinis r.

Answer 12

Ižadininmas Cl-Cl -> (uv) 2Cl
Augimas Cl•+CH3-H -> H-Cl+ CH3 , CH3•+Cl-Cl -> CH3-Cl+Cl•
Nutrukimas 2Cl• -> Cl-Cl , CH3•+Cl• -> CH3-xCl , 2CH3• -> CH3-CH3

Question 13

Oksidavimas

Answer 13

CH4+2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O + 880kJ

Question 14

Halogeninimas

Answer 14

CH4+Cl-Cl -> (hv./t °C) CH3-Cl + HCl
CH3-CL + Cl-Cl -> CH2-CL2+ HCl
CH2-CL2 + Cl-Cl -> (hv) CH-Cl3+ HCl
CH-CL3+ Cl-Cl -> CCl4 + HCl

Question 15

Krekingas

Answer 15

Alkanas -> paprastas alkanas + alkenas

C4H10 -> C2H6 + C2H4

Question 16

Pirolizė

Answer 16

2CH4 -> (800°C, Mn) CH2=CH2 + 2H2
2CH4 -> (1000°C) CH=-CH + 3H2
CH4 -> (1200°C) C + 2H2
Kuo didesne temp tuo labiau skyla

Question 17

Dehidrinimas

Answer 17

2CH4 -> (1500°C) C2H2 + 3H2

C2H6 -> C2H4 + H2

Question 18

Metano konversija

Answer 18

CH4 +H2O -> (800°C) CO + 3H2

Question 19

Izomerizacija

Answer 19

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 -> (AlCl3, t) CH3-CH2(CH3)-CH3

Question 20

Atpazinimo reakcijos

Answer 20

Neblukina bromo ir kalio permanganato tirpalo

Question 21

Cikloalkanu formule, savoka, pallitimas gamtoje, fizikines savybes

Answer 21

CnH2n
Uzdaros grandines junginys, turintis dviem H atomais maziau, negu alkane su tokiu pačiu C atomu sk.
Naftoje, augalu eterniuise aliejuose
C3-C4 dujos , C5-C10 skysciai , C11- kieti