Alkanes

Question 1

Benefits of carbon

Answer 1

Forms covalent bonds with many different atoms
Form multiple bonds, double triple etc
Form strong bonds with itself and strong chains

Question 2

Aliphatic

Answer 2

Containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings.

Question 3

Aliphatic compounds

Answer 3

Containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains.

Question 4

Aromatic

Answer 4

Compound containing a benzene ring

Question 5

Homologous series

Answer 5

Series of compounds with the same functional group but each successive member differing by CH2

Question 6

Functional group

Answer 6

Group of atoms responsible for the chemical reactions.

Question 7

Substitution reactions of alkanes describe.

Answer 7

Mechanism: free radical substitution
Bond fission: homolytic
Initiation: Br2->2Br*
Propagation: Br*+C2H6->C2H5*+HBr
C2H5*+Br2->C2H5Br+Br*
Termination: 2Br*->Br2
C2H5*+Br*->C2H5Br
2C2H5->C4H10

Question 8

Radical

Answer 8

Species with an unpaired electron.

Question 9

Limitations of free radical substitution

Answer 9

Impossible to produce one specific product
Position of hydrogen replaced will differ, isomers
Cannot limit number of substitution.

Question 10

Homolytic fission

Answer 10

Each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two free radicals.

Question 11

Heterolytic freedom

Answer 11

One bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonding pair