Alkenes Flashcards

1
Q

Pi bond

A

Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the plane of the molecule.

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2
Q

Sigma bond

A

Direct overlap of orbitals between bonding atoms

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3
Q

E/Z isomerism displayed in…

A

Two different groups are attached to both carbons of a double bond as the double bond restricts rotation.

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4
Q

Stereoisomerism

A

Molecules with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space.

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5
Q

Cis trans isomerism

A

A special case of EZ isomerism in which two of the substituting groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group are the same.
Eg. In E-but-2-ene (trans)
And Z-but-2-ene (cis)

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6
Q

Reaction of alkene with hydrogen

A

Reactants: alkene and H2
Conditions: nickel catalyst and high temperature and pressure
Products: alkane

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7
Q

Reaction of halide with alkene

A

At RTP produces dihaloalkane

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8
Q

Reaction of alkene with hydrogen halide

A

Best under reflux makes haloalkane

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9
Q

Reaction of alkene with water

A

High temperature (steam) and H3PO4 catalyst producing alcohol

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10
Q

Electrophile

A

An electron pair acceptor

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11
Q

Addition reaction

A

Adding together two molecules to make a third molecule

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12
Q

Intermediate carbocation

A

Containing carbon atom with a positive charge formed during the reaction

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13
Q

Markownikoff’s rule

A

When a hydrogen halide is added to an unsymmetrical alkene, the most likely product is the one in which the H atom adds to the carbon that already has the most Hs attached, the most stable carbocation is the one most likely to form an intermediate.

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14
Q

Reason why bonding in alkenes makes them susceptible to attsck y electrophiles

A

The Pi bond is above and below the plane of the nucleus and so weak so can more easily be attracted to and broken by electrophiles.

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15
Q

atom economy

A

Mr of required products/total Mr of reactants X 100%

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16
Q

Percentage yield

A

Moles or product/moles of theoretical product X100%

17
Q

Addition polymer

A

A very long molecular chain made up of repeating units of unsaturated alkene monomers.

18
Q

Pi bond

A

Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the plane of the molecule.

19
Q

Sigma bond

A

Direct overlap of orbitals between bonding atoms

20
Q

E/Z isomerism displayed in…

A

Two different groups are attached to both carbons of a double bond as the double bond restricts rotation.

21
Q

Stereoisomerism

A

Molecules with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space.

22
Q

Cis trans isomerism

A

A special case of EZ isomerism in which two of the substituting groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group are the same.
Eg. In E-but-2-ene (trans)
And Z-but-2-ene (cis)

23
Q

Reaction of alkene with hydrogen

A

Reactants: alkene and H2
Conditions: nickel catalyst and high temperature and pressure
Products: alkane

24
Q

Reaction of halide with alkene

A

At RTP produces dihaloalkane

25
Q

Reaction of alkene with hydrogen halide

A

Best under reflux makes haloalkane

26
Q

Reaction of alkene with water

A

High temperature (steam) and H3PO4 catalyst producing alcohol

27
Q

Electrophile

A

An electron pair acceptor

28
Q

Addition reaction

A

Adding together two molecules to make a third molecule

29
Q

Intermediate carbocation

A

Containing carbon atom with a positive charge formed during the reaction

30
Q

Markownikoff’s rule

A

When a hydrogen halide is added to an unsymmetrical alkene, the most likely product is the one in which the H atom adds to the carbon that already has the most Hs attached, the most stable carbocation is the one most likely to form an intermediate.

31
Q

Reason why bonding in alkenes makes them susceptible to attsck y electrophiles

A

The Pi bond is above and below the plane of the nucleus and so weak so can more easily be attracted to and broken by electrophiles.

32
Q

atom economy

A

Mr of required products/total Mr of reactants X 100%

33
Q

Percentage yield

A

Moles or product/moles of theoretical product X100%

34
Q

Addition polymer

A

A very long molecular chain made up of repeating units of unsaturated alkene monomers.