Alkenes Flashcards
What are the two types of bonds a c=c has ?
Sigma and Pi bonds
Why is there no rotation around c=c bond ?
Pi bond is formed by overlap of p orbitals and if there was any rotation the orbitals would no longer overlap and Pi bond would break
What is the definition of a electrophile ?
A electron pair acceptor
How do you classify a carbocation ?
See how many carbons the carbon with the positive charge is bonded. e.g. bonded to 2 c so is secondary
What are the 3 carbocations ?
primary
secondary
tertiary
What is the reagent for electrophilic addition with a hydrogen halide ?
HCl/HBr
What are the conditions for electrophilic addition with a hydrogen halide ?
Room temperature and shake
What is the product of electrophilic addition with a hydrogen halide ?
Halo alkane
What is the positive inductive effect ?
Ability to realase electron density through a covalent bond
Why are tertiary carbocations more stable than primary carbocations ?
Tertiary carbocations have 3 alkyl groups so there is a grater positive inductive effect
How do you determine if the product made is minor or major ?
The major product with have its functional group on a carbon that was formed from a more stable carbocation.
In electrophilic addition with halogens why does the diatomic halogen react with the double bond
The c=c bond is very electron dense this induces a dipole in the neighboring diatomic halogen molecule
WHat is the chemical test for alkenes ?
Add bromine water and will turn from orange to colorless if a alkene is present
What is the displayed formula of sulphuric acid ?
S with double bonds with O above and below, O-H on each side of S
What are the conditions for electrophilic addition with sulphuric acid ?
room temperature and shake
