All Flashcards

Question 1

Q

DEFAULT

list the common shells

Answer

A

bash #The GNU Bourne Again Shell
sh #The Bourne shell upon which bash is based
tcsh #This shell is based on the earlier C shell
csh #The original C shell
ksh #The Korn shell; bourne shell+c shell+extended
zsh #The Z shell takes shell evolution further than the Korn shell

Question 2

Q

DEFAULT

what is an internal command

Answer

A

a command that is built into the shell program

Question 3

Q

DEFAULT

what is an external command

Answer

A

a command that is not built into the shell program

Question 4

Q

DEFAULT

how do you reverse search for a command in your history

Question 5

Q

DEFAULT

how do you search for a command in your history

Question 6

Q

DEFAULT

how do you terminate a search through your command history

Question 7

Q

DEFAULT

how do you move your shell cursor to the beginning of the line

Question 8

Q

DEFAULT

how do you move your shell cursor to the end of the line

Question 9

Q

DEFAULT

how do you move the shell cursor back one character

Question 10

Q

DEFAULT

how do you move the shell cursor forward one character

Question 11

Q

DEFAULT

how do you delete the character under the shell cursor

Question 12

Q

DEFAULT

how do you delete all text from the shell cursor to the end of the line

Question 13

Q

DEFAULT

how do you delete all of the text from the shell cursor to the beginning of the line

Answer

A

Ctrl+x and then Backspace

Question 14

Q

DEFAULT

how do you transpose the character before the cursor with the character under the shell cursor

Question 15

Q

DEFAULT

how do you transpose the two words immediately before (or under) the shell cursor

Answer

A

Esc and then t

Question 16

Q

DEFAULT

how do you convert text from the shell cursor to the end of the word to uppercase.

Answer

A

Pressing Esc and then u

Question 17

Q

DEFAULT

how do you convert text from the cursor to the end of the word to lowercase

Answer

A

Esc and then l

Question 18

Q

DEFAULT
how do you convert the letter under the cursor (or the first letter of the next word) to uppercase; leaving the rest of the word unaffected.

Answer

A

Esc and then c

Question 19

Q

DEFAULT

how do you launch a full-fledged editor to edit a command at the shell

Answer

A

Ctrl+x followed by Ctrl+e

Question 20

Q

DEFAULT

how do you set an enviornment variable

Answer

A

VARNAME=VALUE

Question 21

Q

DEFAULT

how do you save an environment variable across sessions

Answer

A

export VARNAME

Question 22

Q

DEFAULT

how do you set and save an environment variable across sessions

Answer

A

export VARNAME=VALUE

Question 23

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 1

Answer

A

Executable programs and shell commands

Question 24

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 2

Answer

A

System calls provided by the kernel

Question 25

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 3

Answer

A

Library calls provided by program libraries

Question 26

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 4

Answer

A

Device files (usually stored in /dev )

Question 27

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 5

Answer

A

File formats

Question 28

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 6

Question 29

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 7

Answer

A

Miscellaneous (macro packages; conventions; and so on)

Question 30

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 8

Answer

A

System administration commands (programs run mostly or exclusively by root )

Question 31

Q

DEFAULT

what is man section 9

Answer

A

Kernel routines

Question 32

Q

DEFAULT

what is stdin’s file descriptor

Question 33

Q

DEFAULT

what is stdout’s file descriptor

Question 34

Q

DEFAULT

what is stderr’s file descriptor

Question 35

Q

DEFAULT

how do you specify all numbers and letters in the tr command

Answer

A

[:alnum:]

Question 36

Q

DEFAULT

how do you specify all uppercase letters in the tr command

Answer

A

[:upper:]

Question 37

Q

DEFAULT

how do you specify all lowercase letters in the tr command

Answer

A

[:lower:]

Question 38

Q

DEFAULT

how do you specify all numbers in the tr command

Answer

A

[:digit:]

Question 39

Q

DEFAULT

how do you specify a range of characters in the tr command

Answer

A

You can specify a range of characters by separating them with dashes ( - ); as in A-M

Question 40

Q

DEFAULT

how do you move forward one screen in less

Question 41

Q

DEFAULT

how do you move back one screen in less

Answer

A

Esc followed by v

Question 42

Q

DEFAULT

how do you do a search in less

Question 43

Q

DEFAULT

how do you do a backward search in less

Question 44

Q

DEFAULT

how do you move to the next search result in less

Question 45

Q

DEFAULT

how do you move to the previous search result in less

Question 46

Q

DEFAULT

how do you go to a specific line in less

Question 47

Q

DEFAULT

how do you display the help system in less

Question 48

Q

DEFAULT

what are the extended regular express characters

Answer

A

? + | ( )

Question 49

Q

DEFAULT

what is the windows newline

Question 50

Q

DEFAULT

what is the mac newline

Question 51

Q

DEFAULT

what is the linux newline

Question 52

Q

DEFAULT

how could you use tr to convert from windows to linux format line endings

Answer

A

tr -d \r < dosfile.txt > unixfile.txt

Question 53

Q

DEFAULT

how could you use sed to convert from linux to windows line endings

Answer

A

sed “”s/$/\r/”” unixfile.txt > dosfile.txt

Question 54

Q

DEFAULT

describe the naming convention of this rpm package: string-a.b.c-x.y.rpm

Answer

A

string = Package Name
a.b.c = Version Number
x = Build Number
y = Architecture

Question 55

Q

DEFAULT
How would you use rpm to install or upgrade package samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.x86_64.rpm from an RPM file that you have already downloaded to your local system

Answer

A

rpm -Uvh samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.x86_64.rpm

Question 56

Q

DEFAULT

how would you query information on the installed package samba using rpm

Answer

A

rpm -qi samba

Question 57

Q

DEFAULT

how would you convert samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.src.rpm to samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.src.cpio

Answer

A

rpm2cpio samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.src.rpm > samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.src.cpio

Question 58

Q

DEFAULT

how would you extract samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.src.cpio

Answer

A

cpio -i –make-directories < samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.src.cpio

Question 59

Q

DEFAULT

how would you extract samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.src.rpm on a system without rpm

Answer

A

rpm2cpio samba-4.1.9-4.fc20.src.rpm | cpio -i –make-directories

Question 60

Q

DEFAULT

how do you install samba_4.1.6+dfsg- 1ubuntu2.1404.3_amd64.deb

Answer

A

dpkg -i samba_4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.1404.3_amd64.deb

Question 61

Q

DEFAULT

how do you uninstall samba using dpkg

Answer

A

dpkg -r samba

Question 62

Q

DEFAULT

what information is displayed by ps

Answer

A

username; process id; parent process id; tty; cpu time; cpu priority; memory usage; command

Question 63

Q

DEFAULT

how do you send a program to the background

Question 64

Q

DEFAULT

what is process signal 1 and what does it do

Answer

A

SIGHUP ; which terminates interactive programs and causes many daemons to reread their configuration files

Answer 40

A

SIGKILL ; which causes the process to exit without performing routine shutdown tasks)

Answer 41

A

SIGTERM ; which causes the process to exit but allows it to close open files and so on

Answer 42

A

1 ; which terminates interactive programs and causes many daemons to reread their configuration files

Answer 43

A

9 ; which causes the process to exit without performing routine shutdown tasks)

Answer 44

A

15 ; which causes the process to exit but allows it to close open files and so on

Answer 45

A

a signal sent to the CPU instructing it to suspend its current activity and to handle some external event such as keyboard input

Answer 46

A

system timer

Answer 47

A

handles IRQ 8-15

Answer 48

A

LPT2 / Sound card

Answer 49

A

Floppy controller

Answer 50

A

parallel port

Answer 51

A

real time clock

Answer 52

A

ps2 mouse

Answer 53

A

floating point proc

Answer 54

A

primary IDE

Answer 55

A

secondary IDE

Answer 56

A

unique locations in memory that are reserved for communications between the CPU and specific physical hardware devices

Answer 57

A

an alternative method of communication to I/O ports. Rather than have the CPU mediate the transfer of data between a device and memory; DMA permits the device to transfer data directly; without the CPU’s attention

Answer 58

A

the computer reading a boot sector (typically the first sector) from a disk and then executing that code

Answer 59

A

the computer reading a boot loader file from a filesystem on a special partition; known as the EFI System Partition (ESP) . This file either can take a special default name or can be registered in the computer’s NVRAM

Answer 60

A

The Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Daemon ; or hald ; is a user-space program that runs at all times (that is; as a daemon) and provides other user-space programs with information about available hardware

Answer 61

A

The Desktop Bus (D-Bus) provides a further abstraction of hardware information access. Like hald ; D-Bus runs as a daemon. D-Bus enables processes to communicate with each other as well as to register to be notified of events; both by other processes and by hardware (such as the availability of a new USB device).

Answer 62

A

old extended code

Answer 63

A

newer extended code

Answer 64

A

linux swap

Answer 65

A

linux filesystem

Answer 66

A

/bin
/dev
/etc
/lib
/sbin

Answer 67

A

traditional Linux-native filesystem; no journaling

Answer 68

A

ext2 with journaling

Answer 69

A

ext3 with performance and size extensions

Answer 70

A

designed from scratch as a journaling filesystem for Linux. It’s particularly good at handling large numbers of small files (

Answer 71

A

IBM developed the Journaled File System (JFS) for its AIX OS on mainframe systems and later reimplemented it on its attempt at a workstation OS; called OS/2. After the demise of OS/2; the OS/2 version of JFS was subsequently donated to Linux

Answer 72

A

Silicon Graphics (SGI) created its Extents File System (XFS) for its IRIX OS and; like IBM; later donated the code to Linux. Like JFS; XFS is a very technically sophisticated filesystem. XFS has gained a reputation for robustness; speed; and flexibility on IRIX; but some of the XFS features that make it so flexible on IRIX aren’t supported well under Linux.

Answer 73

A

is an advanced filesystem with features inspired by those of Sun’s Zettabyte File System (ZFS).

Answer 74

A

old and primitive—but ubiquitous. It’s the only hard disk filesystem supported by DOS and early versions of Windows (such as the Windows 9 x series and the short-lived Windows Me). For this reason; every major OS understands FAT;

Answer 75

A

the preferred filesystem for Windows NT and beyond. Unfortunately; Linux’s NTFS support is rather rudimentary. As of the 2.6. x kernel series; Linux can reliably read NTFS and can overwrite existing files; but the Linux kernel can’t write new files to an NTFS partition. There are separate drivers outside of the kernel that you can use in Linux to create new files on an NTFS filesystem

Answer 76

A

Apple has long used the Hierarchical File System (HFS) with its Mac OS; and Linux provides full read/write HFS support. This support isn’t as reliable as Linux’s read/write FAT support; though; so you may want to use FAT when exchanging files with Mac users.

Answer 77

A

CD-ROMs; Linux Rock Ridge extensions; Joliet Windows extensions

Answer 78

A

Universal Disc Format (UDF) is the next-generation filesystem for optical discs. It’s commonly used on DVD-ROMs and recordable optical discs. Linux supports it; but read/write UDF support is still in its infancy.

Answer 79

A

#device mount point filesystem options dump(1 means the dump program should do a dump) fsck(fsck check order, 0 means don't check)
e.g. UUID=3631a288-673e-40f5-9e96-6539fec468e9 \ /usr reiserfs defaults 0 0

Answer 80

A

the login credentials(username and password) are stored in /etc/creds

Answer 81

A

? / \ “”

Answer 82

A

? * [a-z]

Answer 83

A

Last file-modification time
Last inode change time
Last access time

Answer 84

A

tar cvfz /media/pen/my-work.tgz ∼/my-work

Answer 85

A

normal file
d directory
l symlink
p named pipe (A pipe enables two running Linux programs to communicate with each other. One opens the pipe for reading; and the other opens it for writing; enabling data to be transferred between the programs)
s socket (similar to a named pipe; but it permits network and bidirectional links)
b block device (a file that corresponds to a hardware device to and from which data is transferred in blocks of more than 1 byte. Disk devices (hard disks; USB flash drives; CD-ROMs; and so on))
c character device (a hardware device to and from which data is transferred in units of 1 byte. Examples include parallel port; RS-232 serial port; and audio devices)

Answer 86

A

When a directory’s execute bit is set; that means that the directory’s contents may be searched

Answer 87

A

if a user can write to a directory; that user can create; delete; or rename files in the directory as well
use the sticky bit to alter this behavior

Answer 88

A

always 777

trying to change it’s permissions will affect the file it points to

Answer 89

A

4000
SUID
s in the owner’s execute bit
If the SUID bit is set on a file without execution permission set; the permission string appears with a capital S ; as in rwSr-xr-x . However; in this case; SUID will not function and the setting is called benign .

Answer 90

A

2000
SGID
s in the group’s execute bit
f the SGID bit is set on a file without execution permission set; the permission string appears with a capital S ; as in rwsr-Sr-x . Also in this case the setting is benign.
SGID is also useful on directories. When the SGID bit is set on a directory; new files or subdirectories created in the original directory will inherit the group ownership of the directory rather than be based on the user’s current default group

Answer 91

A

1000
t in the world’s execute bit
When this bit is present on a directory; the directory’s files can be deleted only by their owners; the directory’s owner; or root

Answer 92

A

002 or 022

Answer 93

A

umask u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx

Answer 94

A

/dev/sdc5 /home ext4 usrquota 1 1

Answer 95

A

/dev/sdc5 /home ext4 grpquota 1 1

Answer 96

A

/dev/sdc5 /home ext4 usrquota,grpquota 1 1

Answer 97

A

FSSTND
Filesystem Standard
Standardized the programs that reside in
/bin and /usr/bin.
Specified that executable files shouldn’t reside in
/etc
Removed changeable files from the
/usr
enabling it to be mounted read-only (a useful security measure).

Answer 98

A

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

Shareable; Unshareable; Static; Variable

Answer 99

A

/etc

/boot

Answer 100

A

/home

/var/mail

Answer 101

A

/var/run

/var/lock

Answer 102

A

/boot
/home
/opt
/tmp
/usr
/usr/local
/var

Answer 103

A

menuentry

Answer 104

A

syslogd
writes files to
/var/log/messages
/var/log/syslog

Answer 105

A

Unix System V (also called SysV)
Upstart (ubuntu; each service has a configuration file)
systemd (redhat) (this is the winner! everyone important is switching to it)

Answer 106

A

shutdown
A transitional runlevel; meaning that it’s used to shift the computer from one state to another. Specifically; it shuts down the system. On modern hardware; the computer should completely power down. If not; you’re expected to either reboot the computer manually or power it off.

Answer 107

A

also s or S
Single-user mode. What services; if any; are started at this runlevel vary by distribution. It’s typically used for low-level system maintenance that may be impaired by normal system operation; such as resizing partitions.

Answer 108

A

On Debian and its derivatives; a full multi-user mode with X running and a graphical login. Most other distributions leave this runlevel undefined.

Answer 109

A

On Fedora; Mandriva; Red Hat; and most other distributions; a full multi-user mode with a console (nongraphical) login screen.

Answer 110

A

Usually undefined by default and therefore available for customization.

Answer 111

A

On Fedora; Mandriva; Red Hat; and most other distributions; the same behavior as runlevel 3; with the addition of having X run with an XDM (graphical) login.

Answer 112

A

Used to reboot the system. This runlevel is also a transitional runlevel. Your system is completely shut down; and then the computer reboots automatically.

Answer 113

A

defines a service or action on the system

eg. mount; service; snapshot

Answer 114

A

automount
device
mount
path
service
snapshot
socket
target

Answer 115

A

print the working directory

Answer 116

A

display text from stdin

Answer 117

A

times how long COMMAND takes to execute

Three times are displayed: totalexecution time (aka real time); user CPU time; and system CPU time

Answer 118

A

displays a wide variety of options relating to bash shell operation
These options are formatted much like environment variables; but they aren’t the same things. You can pass various options to set to have it affect a wide range of shell operations.

Answer 119

A

terminates any shell
Login shells are shell programs that are launched automatically when you initiate a text-mode login as opposed to those that run in xterm windows or other terminal emulators

Answer 120

A

terminates only login shells
Login shells are shell programs that are launched automatically when you initiate a text-mode login as opposed to those that run in xterm windows or other terminal emulators

Answer 121

A

tells you how a command you enter will be interpreted—as a built-in command; an external command; an alias; and so on

Answer 122

A

displays all of the commands in the history

typically the latest 500 commands

Answer 123

A

display and execute the last command in your shell history

Answer 124

A

execute command NUMBER from the history

Answer 125

A

a directory list to search when you’re entering command or program names

Answer 126

A

display environment variables

Answer 127

A

unset an environment variable

Answer 128

A

the shell prompt

Answer 129

A

display the manual for COMMAND

Answer 130

A

hypertext formatted manual

Answer 131

A

a built in manual for built in commands

Answer 132

A

Creates a new file containing standard output. If the specified file exists; it’s overwritten. No file descriptor necessary.

Answer 133

A

Appends standard output to the existing file. If the specified file doesn’t exist; it’s created. No file descriptor necessary.

Answer 134

A

Creates a new file containing standard error. If the specified file exists; it’s overwritten. File descriptor necessary.

Answer 135

A

Appends standard error to the existing file. If the specified file doesn’t exist; it’s created. File descriptor necessary.

Answer 136

A

Creates a new file containing both standard output and standard error. If the specified file exists; it’s overwritten. No file descriptors necessary.

Answer 137

A

Sends the contents of the specified file to be used as standard input. No file descriptor necessary.

Answer 138

A

Accepts text on the following lines as standard input. No file descriptor necessary.

Answer 139

A

Causes the specified file to be used for both standard input and standard output. No file descriptor necessary.

Answer 140

A

link stdout from COMMAND1 to stdin of COMMAND2

Answer 141

A

display stdin on stdout and save it to the specified files

Answer 142

A

run command once for every word passed to it on standard input
find / -user Christine | xargs -d “” \ n”” rm

Answer 143

A

a separate command whose results are substituted on the command line
rm ` find . / -user Christine `

Answer 144

A

a separate command whose results are substituted on the command line
rm $(find ./ -user Christine)

Answer 145

A

concatenate files and print on the standard output

Answer 146

A

concatenate files and print on the standard output in reverse line order

Answer 147

A

For each pair of input lines with identical join fields; write a line to standard output. The default join field is the first; delimited by blanks.
Fields are typically space-separated entries on a line

Answer 148

A

Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from each FILE; separated by TABs; to standard output

Answer 149

A

Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces; writing to standard output.
assumes a tab stop every eight characters

Answer 150

A

dump files in octal and other formats

Answer 151

A

sort lines of text files

Answer 152

A

Output pieces of FILE to PREFIXaa; PREFIXab; …; default size is 1000 lines; and default PREFIX is ‘x’.
split -l 2 listing1.1.txt numbers

Answer 153

A

Translate; squeeze; and/or delete characters from standard input; writing to standard output
tr BCJ bc < listing1.1.txt
B is replaced with b
C is replaced with c
J is replaced with c

Answer 154

A

unexpand - convert spaces to tabs

defaults to 8

Answer 155

A

report or omit repeated lines

Answer 156

A

Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s); writing to standard output.
(default of 75 columns)

Answer 157

A

number lines of files (non empty)

the similar to ““cat -b”” by default

Answer 158

A

Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing

defaults to 80 columns

Answer 159

A

Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE; precede each with a header giving the file name.

Answer 160

A

Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE; precede each with a header giving the file name.

Answer 161

A

Less is a program similar to more (1); but it has many more features.

Answer 162

A

Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.

Answer 163

A

Print newline; word; and byte counts for each FILE; and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space.

Answer 164

A

searches for PATTERN in each FILE

Answer 165

A

stream editor for filtering and transforming text
sed [ options ] -f script-file [ input-file ]
sed [ options ] script-text [ input-file ]

Answer 166

A

RPM Package Manager

Answer 167

A

converts the .rpm file specified as a single argument to a cpio archive on standard out. If a ‘-‘ argument is given; an rpm stream is read from standard in.

Answer 168

A

copy files to and from archives
find ./my-work | cpio -o > /media/usb/my-work.cpio
cpio -i < /media/usb/my-work.cpio

Answer 169

A

a repository based rpm manage
used by: Red Hat; CentOS; Fedora; and some other RPM-based distributions
not usd by: SUSE and Mandriva;

Answer 170

A

yumdownloader is a program for downloading RPMs from Yum repositories

Answer 171

A

a gui frontend for yum

also yumex

Answer 172

A

a gui frontend for yum

also kyum

Answer 173

A

debian’s equivelant of rpm

Answer 174

A

a high-level interactive package browser. Using it; you can select packages to install on your system from the APT archives defined in /etc/apt/sources.list ; review the packages that are already installed on your system; uninstall packages; and upgrade packages.

Answer 175

A

debian’s equivelant of yum

Answer 176

A

apt-cache performs a variety of operations on APT’s package cache. apt-cache does not manipulate the state of the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting output from the package metadata. The metadata is acquired and updated via the ‘update’ command of e.g. apt-get; so that it can be outdated if the last update is too long ago; but in exchange apt-cache works independently of the availability of the configured sources (e.g. offline).

Answer 177

A

a text based debian package manager with an optional interactive mode that is similar to dselect

Answer 178

A

a X gui program similar to dselect or aptitude

Answer 179

A

reconfigures packages after they have already been installed. Pass it the names of a package or packages to reconfigure. It will ask configuration questions; much like when the package was first installed.

Answer 180

A

converts between Red Hat rpm; Debian deb; Stampede slp; Slackware tgz; Solaris pkg; and tarballs
requires that you have appropriate package manager software installed—for instance; both RPM and Debian—to convert between these formats
When converting from a tarball; alien copies the files directly as they had been in the tarball; so alien works only if the original tarball has files that should be installed off the root ( / ) directory of the system

Answer 181

A

This environment variable specifies additional directories the system is to search for libraries
Does not require ldconfig for changes to take effect

Answer 182

A

prints the shared objects (shared libraries) required by each program or shared object specified on the command line.

Answer 183

A

usually called without any options
updates caches and links used by the system for locating libraries—that is; it reads /etc/ld.so.conf and implements any changes in that file or in the directories to which it refers

Answer 184

A

Print certain system information. With no OPTION; same as -s

node(host) name; kernel name; kernel version; kernel release; machine; processor; hardware platform; os name

Answer 185

A

ps displays information about a selection of the active processes.

Answer 186

A

provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system

Answer 187

A

displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system; as well as the buffers and caches used by the kernel. The information is gathered by parsing /proc/meminfo. T

Answer 188

A

gives a one line display of the following information. The current time; how long the system has been running; how many users are currently logged on; and the system load averages for the past 1; 5; and 15 minutes
the same information displayed in the header of w

Answer 189

A

displays minimal information about the processes associated with the current session

Answer 190

A

looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which match the selection criteria to stdout.
pgrep -u root cron

Answer 191

A

move the specified job to the background, or start the first background process if it is stopped

Answer 192

A

bring the specified job to the foreground

Answer 193

A

Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness (defaults to 10); which affects process scheduling. With no COMMAND; print the current niceness.

Answer 194

A

renice alters the scheduling priority of one or more running processes.
renice 7 16580 -u pdavison tbaker

Answer 195

A

send a signal to a process
The default signal for kill is TERM.
used to stop programs

Answer 196

A

Run COMMAND; ignoring hangup signals

Answer 197

A

kill processes by name

killall vi

Answer 198

A

allows you to kill one or more processes based on usernames; user IDs; group IDs; and other features as well as using a matching regular expression

Answer 199

A

a utility for querying and configuring PCI devices.

Answer 200

A

utility for displaying information about PCI buses in the system and devices connected to them

Answer 201

A

a trivial program which nicely formats the contents of the /proc/modules (kernel modules)

Answer 202

A

a trivial program to insert a module into the kernel. Most users will want to use modprobe(8) instead; which is more clever and can handle module dependencies.
e.g. insmod /lib/modules/3.16.6/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/bluetooth.ko

Answer 203

A

intelligently adds or removes a module from the Linux kernel
e.g. modprobe bluetooth

Answer 204

A

a trivial program to remove a module (when module unloading support is provided) from the kernel. Most users will want to use modprobe(8) with the -r option instead.

Answer 205

A

a utility for displaying information about USB buses in the system and the devices connected to them

Answer 206

A

initialize a disk or partition for use by LVM

Answer 207

A

create a volume group (for LVM)

Answer 208

A

create a logical volume in an existing volume group (for LVM)

Answer 209

A

scan (all disks) for Logical Volumes (for LVM)

Answer 210

A

a dialog-driven program for creation and manipulation of partition tables. It understands GPT; MBR; Sun; SGI and BSD partition tables.
the book says this tool can’t do GPT even though it can
e.g. fdisk /dev/hda

Answer 211

A

GPT fdisk (aka gdisk) is a text-mode menu-driven program for creation and manipulation of partition tables

Answer 212

A

build a Linux filesystem
deprecated in favour of filesystem specific mkfs. utils
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda6

Answer 213

A

sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file

mkswap /dev/sda7

Answer 214

A

used to specify devices on which paging and swapping are to take place
/dev/sda7

Answer 215

A

dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information

prints the super block and blocks group information for the filesystem present on device

Answer 216

A

like dumpe2fs but for xfs; displays filesystem info

Answer 217

A

copies the filesystem’s metadata (filenames; file sizes; and so on) to a file

Answer 218

A

enables you to change many of the filesystem parameters that are reported by dumpe2fs
adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems

Answer 219

A

check and repair a Linux filesystem

Answer 220

A

xfs equivelant to tune2fs

xfs_admin -L av_data /dev/sda7

Answer 221

A

display the label and UUID of any partition’s filesystem

Answer 222

A

provides the abilities of dumpe2fs ; tune2fs ; and many of Linux’s normal file-manipulation tools all rolled into one
an interactive file system debugger. It can be used to examine and change the state of an ext2; ext3; or ext4 file system
e.g. debugfs /dev/sda11

Answer 223

A

xfs equivelant to debugfs; only for experts

Answer 224

A

report file system disk space usage

Answer 225

A

estimate file space usage

Answer 226

A

mount a filesystem

mount /dev/sdb7 /mnt/shared

Answer 227

A

unmount file systems

Answer 228

A

list directory contents

Answer 229

A

make a copy

Answer 230

A

move (rename) files

Answer 231

A

remove files or directories

Answer 232

A

Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time

Answer 233

A

an archiving utility

Answer 234

A

compress or expand files; oldest least compression

Answer 235

A

a block-sorting file compressor; improved over gzip

Answer 236

A

Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files newest and best compression compared to gzip and bzip2

Answer 237

A

Copy a file; converting and formatting according to the operands.
very low level

Answer 238

A

make links between files
ln [options] source link
you can’t make hard links to directories

Answer 239

A

make directories

Answer 240

A

remove empty directories

Answer 241

A

change file owner and group
chown [ options ] [ newowner ][: newgroup ] filenames
eg. chown sally:skyhook forward.odt
Ordinary users may use chown to change the group of files that they own; provided that the users belong to the target group

Answer 242

A

change file mode bits (permissions)

chmod [ options ] [ mode [; mode… ]] filename…

Answer 243

A

sets the bits that will be removed from 777 for directories and 666 for files when a new file/directory is created

Answer 244

A

set the users default group

newgrp mygroup

Answer 245

A

change file attributes on a Linux file system

Answer 246

A

display file attributes

Answer 247

A

turn on disk quotas

Answer 248

A

turn off disk quotas

Answer 249

A

surveys the filesystem needing quotas and builds current disk usage data records.
e.g. create needed files and check the user quota on home: quotacheck -cu /home

Answer 250

A

open a text editor to edit quotas

Answer 251

A

summarizes the quota information about the filesystem you specify or on all filesystems if you pass it the -a option

Answer 252

A

display disk usage and limits

Answer 253

A

search for files in a directory hierarchy

Answer 254

A

reads one or more databases prepared by updatedb(8) and writes file names matching at least one of the PATTERNs

Answer 255

A

creates or updates a database used by locate(1)

Answer 256

A

searches for files in a restricted set of locations; such as standard binary file directories; library directories; and man page directories.

Answer 257

A

searches your path for the command that you type and lists the complete path to the first match it finds

Answer 258

A

installs grub legacy
grub-install /dev/sda
grub-install '(hd0)'
install to bootsector instead of MBR: 
/dev/sda1 or (hd0;0)

Answer 259

A

manipulate the EFI Boot Manager

efibootmgr -c -l \EFI\redhat\grub.efi -L GRUB

Answer 260

A

apply changes from
/etc/default/grub
and
/etc/grub.d/
to
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
or grub-mkconfig
some versions output to stdio; if so redirect them to the file
/boot/grub/grub.cfg

Answer 261

A

print or control the kernel ring buffer
kernel and module log messages
sometimes it's in /var/log/dmesg

Answer 262

A

(SysV) updates and queries runlevel information for system services

Answer 263

A

returns the previous and current runlevel

Answer 264

A

reread the /etc/inittab file and change runlevels

Answer 265

A

just like init; but telinit [qQ] will re-read the /etc/inittab

Answer 266

A

shutdown the machine

shutdown -h +15 ““system going down for maintenance””

Answer 267

A

halt the machine

Answer 268

A

reboot the machine

Answer 269

A

poweroff the machine

Answer 270

A

Control the systemd system and service manager

Answer 271

A

Query the systemd journal

Answer 272

A

returns all of the places that contain an executable named file

Answer 273

A

show all information

Answer 274

A

clear the history

Answer 275

A

search man pages for a topic; requires the whatis database to work
man -k ““system information””

Answer 276

A

select the section in the man page to open

man 5 passwd

Answer 277

A

specify the delimiter

defaults to space

Answer 278

A

display a “”$”” at the end of each line

–show-ends

Answer 279

A

adds line numbers to the beginning of every line.

–number

Answer 280

A

adds line numbers to the beginning of every line that contains text
–number-nonblank

Answer 281

A

compresses groups of blank lines down to a single blank line

–squeeze-blank

Answer 282

A

displays tab characters as ““∧I””

–show-tabs

Answer 283

A

displays most control and other special characters using carat ( ∧ ) and M- notations.
–show-nonprinting

Answer 284

A

use CHAR as input and output field separator

Answer 285

A

ignore differences in case when comparing fields

–ignore-case

Answer 286

A

have tabs NUMBER characters apart; not 8

–tabs=NUMBER

Answer 287

A

ignore case

–ignore-case; (fold)

Answer 288

A

sort by three-letter month abbreviation ( JAN through DEC )

–month-sort

Answer 289

A

compare according to string numerical value

–numeric-sort

Answer 290

A

reverse the result of comparisons

–reverse

Answer 291

A

sort via a key; KEYDEF gives location and type
–key=KEYDEF
(KEYDEF can be two numbered fields separated by commas; to sort on multiple fields.)
E.G. sort -k 3 listing1.1.txt

Answer 292

A

put NUMBER bytes per output file

–bytes=NUMBER

Answer 293

A

put at most NUMBER bytes of records per output file

–line-bytes=NUMBER

Answer 294

A

put NUMBER lines/records per output file

–lines=NUMBER

Answer 295

A

first truncate SET1 to length of SET2

–truncate-set1

Answer 296

A

delete characters in SET1; do not translate

–delete

Answer 297

A

use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)

–tabs=LIST

Answer 298

A

maximum line width (default of 75 columns)

–width=NUMBER

Answer 299

A

use STYLE for numbering body lines
–body-numbering=STYLE
STYLE is:
t (The default behavior is to number lines that aren’t empty. You can make this default explicit by using a style code of t .)
a (This style code causes all lines to be numbered; including empty lines.)
n (This style code causes all line numbers to be omitted; which may be desirable for headers or footers.)
pREGEXP (This option causes only lines that match the specified regular expression ( REGEXP ) to be numbered.)

Answer 300

A

use STYLE for numbering header lines
–header-numbering=STYLE
STYLE is: t (The default behavior is to number lines that aren’t empty. You can make this default explicit by using a style code of t .) a (This style code causes all lines to be numbered; including empty lines.) n (This style code causes all line numbers to be omitted; which may be desirable for headers or footers.)
pREGEXP (This option causes only lines that match the specified regular expression ( REGEXP ) to be numbered.)

Answer 301

A

use STYLE for numbering footer lines
–footer-numbering=STYLE
STYLE is: t (The default behavior is to number lines that aren’t empty. You can make this default explicit by using a style code of t .) a (This style code causes all lines to be numbered; including empty lines.) n (This style code causes all line numbers to be omitted; which may be desirable for headers or footers.)
pREGEXP (This option causes only lines that match the specified regular expression ( REGEXP ) to be numbered.)

Answer 302

A

use CC for logical page delimiters

–section-delimiter=CC

Answer 303

A

insert line numbers according to FORMAT
--number-format=FORMAT
format is:
ln (left justified; no leading zeros);
rn (right justified; no leading zeros);
rz (right justified with leading zeros).

Answer 304

A

output COLUMN columns and print columns down; unless -a is used
–columns=NUMBER
default is 80

Answer 305

A

double space the output

–double-space

Answer 306

A

use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages (by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header and trailer without -F)

-form-feed
F

Answer 307

A

set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines (default number of lines of text 56; and with -F 63). implies -t if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10
–length=NUMBER

Answer 308

A

use a centered STRING instead of filename in page header; -h “””” prints a blank line; don’t use -h””””
–header=STRING

Answer 309

A

omit page headers and trailers; implied if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10

–omit-header

Answer 310

A

offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces; do not affect -w or -W; MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH
–indent=NUMBER

Answer 311

A

set page width to NUMBER (72) characters for multiple text-column output only; -s[char] turns off (72)
–width=NUMBER

Answer 312

A

print the first NUM bytes of each file; with the leading ‘-‘; print all but the last NUM bytes of each file
–bytes=[-]NUMBER

Answer 313

A

print the first NUM lines instead of the first 10; with the leading ‘-‘; print all but the last NUM lines of each file
–lines=[-]NUMBER

Answer 314

A

output the last NUMBER bytes; or use -c +NUMBER to output starting with byte NUMBER of each file
–bytes=[+]NUMBER

Answer 315

A

output the last NUM lines; instead of the last 10; or use -n +NUM to output starting with line NUM
–lines=[+]NUMBER

Answer 316

A

output appended data as the file grows;

–follow[={name|descriptor}]

Answer 317

A

with -f; terminate after process ID; PID dies

Answer 318

A

select only these bytes
–bytes=LIST
LIST can be a single number (such as 4 ); a closed range of numbers (such as 2-4 ); or an open range of numbers (such as -4 or 4- ).

Answer 319

A

select only these characters
–characters=LIST
LIST can be a single number (such as 4 ); a closed range of numbers (such as 2-4 ); or an open range of numbers (such as -4 or 4- ).

Answer 320

A

select only these fields; also print any line that contains no delimiter character; unless the -s option is specified
–fields=LIST
LIST can be a single number (such as 4 ); a closed range of numbers (such as 2-4 ); or an open range of numbers (such as -4 or 4- ).

Answer 321

A

use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter

–delimiter=STRING

Answer 322

A

do not print lines not containing delimiters

–only-delimited

Answer 323

A

print the newline counts

–lines

Answer 324

A

print the word counts

–words

Answer 325

A

print the byte counts

–bytes

Answer 326

A

print the character counts

–chars

Answer 327

A

print the maximum display width

–max-line-length

Answer 328

A

Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching lines for each input file. With the -v; –invert-match option (see below); count non-matching lines.
–count

Answer 329

A

Obtain patterns from file STRING; one per line. If this option is used multiple times or is combined with the -e (–regexp) option; search for all patterns given. The empty file contains zero patterns; and therefore matches nothing.
–file=STRING

Answer 330

A

Ignore case distinctions; so that characters that differ only in case match each other.
–ignore-case

Answer 331

A

Read all files under each directory; recursively; following symbolic links only if they are on the command line. Note that if no file operand is given; grep searches the working directory. This is equivalent to the -d recurse option.
–recursive
or use rgrep

Answer 332

A

Interpret PATTERN as a list of fixed strings (instead of regular expressions); separated by newlines; any of which is to be matched.
–fixed-strings
or use fgrep

Answer 333

A

Interpret PATTERN as an extended regular expression (ERE; see below).
–extended-regexp
or use egrep

Answer 334

A

Display the current line number

Answer 335

A

Append text to the file.

Answer 336

A

Insert text into the file

Answer 337

A

Append text from filename into the file

Answer 338

A

Replace the selected range of lines with the provided text

Answer 339

A

Replace text that matches the regular expression ( regexp ) with replacement

Answer 340

A

Write the current pattern space to the specified file.

Answer 341

A

Immediately quit the script; but print the current pattern space.

Answer 342

A

Immediately quit the script.

Answer 343

A

Modifies the Linux system having a root directory located at dir . This option can be used to maintain one Linux installation discrete from another one (say; during OS installation or emergency maintenance).

Answer 344

A

Forces installation of a package even when it means overwriting existing files or packages.
used with: -i ; -U ; -F

Answer 345

A

Displays a series of hash marks ( # ) to indicate the progress of the operation.
–hash
used with: -i ; -U ; -F

Answer 346

A

Used in conjunction with the -h option to produce a uniform number of hash marks for each package.
used with: -i ; -U ; -F

Answer 347

A

Specifies that no dependency checks be performed. Installs or removes the package even if it relies on a package or file that’s not present or is required by a package that’s not being uninstalled.
used wih: -i ; -U ; -F ; -e

Answer 348

A

Checks for dependencies; conflicts; and other problems without actually installing the package.
used with: -i ; -U ; -F

Answer 349

A

Sets the installation directory to STRING (works only for some packages).
used with: -i ; -U ; -F

Answer 350

A

Queries or verifies all packages.
–all
used with: -q ; -V

Answer 351

A

Queries or verifies the package that owns file
–file STRING
used with: -q ; -V

Answer 352

A

Queries the uninstalled RPM STRING

used with -q

Answer 353

A

Displays package information; including the package maintainer; a short description; and so on
used with -q

Answer 354

A

Displays the packages and files on which this one depends
–requires
used with -q

Answer 355

A

Displays the files contained in the package.
–list
used with -q

Answer 356

A

Installs a package; system must not contain a package of the same name

Answer 357

A

Installs a new package or upgrades an existing one

Answer 358

A

Upgrades a package only if an earlier version already exists

–freshen

Answer 359

A

Queries a package—finds whether a package is installed; what files it contains; and so on

Answer 360

A

Verifies a package—checks that its files are present and unchanged since installation
–verify

Answer 361

A

Uninstalls a package

Answer 362

A

Builds a binary package; given source code and configuration files; moved to the rpmbuild program with RPM version 4.2

Answer 363

A

Builds a binary package; given a source RPM file; moved to the rpmbuild program with RPM version 4.2

Answer 364

A

Rebuilds the RPM database to fix errors

Answer 365

A

extract an archive

Answer 366

A

create directories

Answer 367

A

Installs one or more packages by package name. Also installs dependencies of the specified package or packages.

Answer 368

A

Updates the specified package or packages to the latest available version. If no packages are specified; yum updates every installed package.

Answer 369

A

Checks to see whether updates are available. If they are; yum displays their names; versions; and repository area ( updates or extras ; for instance).

Answer 370

A

Works like update with the –obsoletes flag set; which handles obsolete packages in a way that’s superior when performing a distribution version upgrade

Answer 371

A

Deletes a package from the system; similar to rpm -e ; but yum also removes depended-on packages
or erase

Answer 372

A

Displays information about a package; such as the installed version and whether an update is available

Answer 373

A

Displays information about packages that provide a specified program or feature. For instance; typing yum provides samba lists all the Samba-related packages; including every available update. Note that the output can be copious.
or whatprovides

Answer 374

A

Searches package names; summaries; packagers; and descriptions for a specified keyword. This is useful if you don’t know a package’s name but can think of a word that’s likely to appear in one of these fields but not in these fields for other packages

Answer 375

A

Displays information about a package; similar to the rpm -qi command

Answer 376

A

Cleans up the Yum cache directory. Running this command from time to time is advisable; lest downloaded packages chew up too much disk space.

Answer 377

A

Enters the Yum shell mode; in which you can enter multiple Yum commands one after another

Answer 378

A

Displays packages matching the specified dependency.

Answer 379

A

Installs the specified local RPM files; using your Yum repositories to resolve dependencies

Answer 380

A

Updates the system using the specified local RPM files; using your Yum repositories to resolve dependencies. Packages other than those updated by local files and their dependencies are not updated

Answer 381

A

Displays dependencies of the specified package.

Answer 382

A

Installs a package

–install

Answer 383

A

Reconfigures an installed package: runs the post-installation script to set site-specific options

Answer 384

A

Removes a package but leaves configuration files intact

–remove

Answer 385

A

Removes a package; including configuration files

–purge

Answer 386

A

Displays currently installed packages

Answer 387

A

Displays information about an installed package

–print-avail

Answer 388

A

Displays information about an uninstalled package file

–info

Answer 389

A

Lists all installed packages whose names match pattern

–list pattern

Answer 390

A

Lists the installed files associated with a package

–listfiles

Answer 391

A

Locates the package(s) that own the file(s) specified by pattern
–search pattern

Answer 392

A

pattern -C or –audit Searches for partially installed packages and suggests what to do with them
–audit

Answer 393

A

Modifies the Linux system using a root directory located at STRING . Can be used to maintain one Linux installation discrete from another one; say during OS installation or emergency maintenance.
used with: all

Answer 394

A

Disables packages that rely on one that is being removed.
–auto-deconfigure
used with -r

Answer 395

A

Overrides defaults that would ordinarily cause dpkg to abort. Consult the dpkg man page for details of what (specified by things ) this option does.
used with: assorted

Answer 396

A

ignores dependency information for the specified package

used with: -i; -r

Answer 397

A

Checks for dependencies; conflicts; and other problems without actually installing or removing the package
used with: -i; -r

Answer 398

A

Installs all packages that match the package-name wildcard in the specified directory and all subdirectories
used with: -i

Answer 399

A

Doesn’t install the package if a newer version of the same package is already installed.
used with: -i

Answer 400

A

Doesn’t install the package if the same version of the package is already installed.
–skip-same-version
used with: -i

Answer 401

A

displays information about the packages listed on the command line.
eg: apt-cache showpkg samba

Answer 402

A

You can learn how many packages you’ve installed; how many dependencies are recorded; and various other statistics about the package database

Answer 403

A

Find Unmet Dependencies

Answer 404

A

Display Dependencies

Answer 405

A

Locate All Packages
If you include a second parameter; as in apt-cache pkgnames sa ; the program returns only those packages that begin with the specified string.

Answer 406

A

Downloads package files but doesn’t install them.
–download-only
used with: upgrade ; dselect- upgrade ; install ; source

Answer 407

A

Attempts to fix a system on which dependencies are unsatisfied.
–fix-broken
used with: install ; remove

Answer 408

A

Ignores all package files that can’t be retrieved (because of network errors; missing files; or the like)
–ignore-missing ; or –fix-missing
used with: upgrade ; dselect- upgrade ; install ; remove ; source

Answer 409

A

Omits some progress indicator information. May be doubled (for instance; -qq ) to produce still less progress information
–quiet
used with: all

Answer 410

A

Performs a simulation of the action without actually modifying; installing; or removing files
–simulate ; –just- print ; –dry-run ; – recon ; or –no-act
used with: all

Answer 411

A

Produces a ““yes’’ response to any yes/no prompt in installation scripts.
–yes ; or –assume- yes
used with: all

Answer 412

A

Compiles a source package after retrieving it.
–compile; or –build
used with: source

Answer 413

A

auses apt-get to not upgrade a package if an older version is already installed.
used with: install

Answer 414

A

Obtains updated information about packages available from the installation sources listed in /etc/apt/sources.list .

Answer 415

A

Upgrades all installed packages to the newest versions available; based on locally stored information about available packages.

Answer 416

A

Performs any changes in package status (installation; removal; and so on) left undone after running dselect .

Answer 417

A

Similar to upgrade ; but performs ``smart’’ conflict resolution to avoid upgrading a package if doing so would break a dependency.

Answer 418

A

Installs a package by package name (not by package filename); obtaining the package from the source that contains the most up-to-date version.

Answer 419

A

Removes a specified package by package name

Answer 420

A

Retrieves the newest available source package file by package filename using information about available packages and installation archives listed in /etc/apt/sources.list

Answer 421

A

Checks the package database for consistency and broken package installations

Answer 422

A

Performs housekeeping to help clear out information about retrieved files from the Debian package database. If you don’t use dselect for package management; run this from time to time in order to save disk space.

Answer 423

A

Similar to clean ; but removes information only about packages that can no longer be downloaded.

Answer 424

A

install package STRING

Answer 425

A

uninstall package STRING

also remove STRING

Answer 426

A

uninstall package STRING

also install STRING-

Answer 427

A

less conservative about removing packages in the upgrade process; and so it is more likely to complete its tasks. However; it may break software in the process.

Answer 428

A

conservative about removing packages or installing new ones and so may fail

Answer 429

A

earches the database for packages matching the specified name

Answer 430

A

removes already-downloaded packages that are no longer available

Answer 431

A

removes all downloaded packages

Answer 432

A

displays a complete list of options.

Answer 433

A

converts to debian

Answer 434

A

converts to rpm

Answer 435

A

converts to tgz

Answer 436

A

Display Verbose Information

Answer 437

A

causes ldconfig not to perform its primary duty of updating the library cache. It will; though; update symbolic links to libraries; which is a secondary duty of this program.

Answer 438

A

causes ldconfig to update the links contained in the directories specified on the command line. The system won’t examine the directories specified in /etc/ld.so.conf or the trusted directories ( /lib and /usr/lib )

Answer 439

A

the opposite of -N ; it causes ldconfig to update the cache but not manage links.

Answer 440

A

change the configuration file from /etc/ld.so.conf to STRING

Answer 441

A

change the cache file that ldconfig creates to STRING

Answer 442

A

tells ldconfig to treat dir as if it were the root ( / ) directory. This option is helpful when you’re recovering a badly corrupted system or installing a new OS

Answer 443

A

Causes ldconfig to display the current cache—all of the library directories and the libraries they contain

Answer 444

A

display all information

Answer 445

A

displays the system’s node name; that is; its network hostname.
–nodename

Answer 446

A

displays the kernel name; which is Linux on a Linux system

–kernel-name

Answer 447

A

find the kernel version

–kernel-version

Answer 448

A

The actual kernel version number

–kernel-release

Answer 449

A

returns information about your machine. This is likely to be a CPU code; such as i686 or x86_64 .
–machine

Answer 450

A

may return information about your CPU; such as the manufacturer; model; and clock speed; in practice; it returns unknown on many systems
–processor

Answer 451

A

theoretically returns hardware platform information; this option often returns unknown
–hardware-platform

Answer 452

A

returns the OS name—normally GNU/Linux for a Linux system

–operating-system

Answer 453

A

Display Help

Answer 454

A

Display All Processes

also -e

Answer 455

A

Display All Processes

also -A

Answer 456

A

Lift the BSD-style ““must have a tty”” restriction;

displays all processes owned by the user who gives the command

Answer 457

A

display processes owned by user STRING
–User user
also U STRING
STRING may be a user name or uid

Answer 458

A

display processes owned by user STRING
–User user
also U STRING
STRING may be a user name or uid

Answer 459

A

Display Process Hierarchy
–forest
also -f

Answer 460

A

Display Process Hierarchy
–forest
also -f

Answer 461

A

don’t truncate output at 80 columns

also w

Answer 462

A

how often top updates

defaults to 5 seconds

Answer 463

A

only display the listed processes
NUMBER is a pid
up to 20 pids can be listed

Answer 464

A

display NUMBER updates then quit

Answer 465

A

specifies batch mode; in which top doesn’t use the normal screen-update commands. You might use this to log CPU use of targeted programs to a file; for instance

Answer 466

A

display help

also ?

Answer 467

A

kill a process

Answer 468

A

change a process’s priority

Answer 469

A

changes the display’s update rate

Answer 470

A

sets the display to sort by CPU usage; which is the default

Answer 471

A

change the display to sort by memory usage with this command

Answer 472

A

run the program with NUMBER niceness
also -NUMBER
–adjustment=NUMBER

Answer 473

A

run the program with NUMBER niceness
also -n NUMBER
–adjustment=NUMBER

Answer 474

A

Specify the scheduling priority to be used for the process; process group; or user.
–priority NUMBER

Answer 475

A

change niceness on the pid NUMBER

Answer 476

A

change niceness on the gid NUMBER

Answer 477

A

change niceness on the uid NUMBER

e.g. renice 7 16580 -u pdavison tbaker

Answer 478

A

List signal names

Answer 479

A

specify the signal to send

common signals are 1(SIGHUP); 9(SIGKILL); 15(SIGTERM)

Answer 480

A

Interactively ask for confirmation before killing

–interactive

Answer 481

A

Increases verbosity of output.

This option may be doubled ( -vv ) or tripled ( -vvv ) to produce yet more output

Answer 482

A

Displays information in numeric codes rather than translating the codes to manufacturer and device names.

Answer 483

A

Displays both the manufacturer and device names and their associated numeric codes

Answer 484

A

Displays the PCI configuration space for each device as a hexadecimal dump.
This is an extremely advanced option. Tripling ( -xxx ) or quadrupling ( -xxxx ) this option displays information about more devices

Answer 485

A

hows IRQ numbers and other data as seen by devices rather than as seen by the kernel

Answer 486

A

Displays a tree view depicting the relationship between devices

Answer 487

A

Displays only devices that match the listed specification. This can be used to trim the results of the output
-s [[[[ domain ]:] bus ]:] [ slot ][.[ func ]]

Answer 488

A

Shows data on the specified device.

-d [ vendor ]: [ device ]

Answer 489

A

Uses the specified file to map vendor and device IDs to names. (The default is /usr/share/misc/pci.ids .)

Answer 490

A

Dumps data in a machine-readable form intended for use by scripts. A single -m uses a backward-compatible format; whereas doubling ( - mm ) uses a newer format

Answer 491

A

Displays PCI domain numbers. These numbers normally aren’t displayed.

Answer 492

A

Performs a scan in bus-mapping mode; which can reveal devices hidden behind a misconfigured PCI bridge. This is an advanced option that can be used only by root .

Answer 493

A

Displays version information.

Answer 494

A

display extra information

–verbose

Answer 495

A

This option overrides the default configuration directory (/etc/modprobe.d)
–config

Answer 496

A

This option does everything but actually insert or delete the modules
–dry-run
useful when combined with -v

Answer 497

A

Reverses modprobe 's usual effect; it causes the program to remove the specified module and any on which it depends
--remove

Answer 498

A

force the module loading even if the kernel version doesn't match what the module expects. This action is potentially dangerous
--force

Answer 499

A

shows all of the modules on which the specified module depends

Answer 500

A

displays a list of available options whose names match the wildcard you specify

-list
eg. modprobe -l v* displays all modules whose names begin with v

Answer 501

A

display some extra information about what it’s doing

–verbose

Answer 502

A

forces module removal even if the module is marked as being in use. Naturally; this is a very dangerous option;
--force

Answer 503

A

wait for the module to become unused rather than return an error message if the module is in use. Once the module is no longer being used (say; after a bluetooth device is disconnected); rmmod unloads the module and returns
--wait

Answer 504

A

display more information

Answer 505

A

restricts output to the specified bus and device number.

-s [[ bus ]:][ devnum ]

Answer 506

A

restrict output to a particular vendor and product

-d [ vendor ]: [ product ]

Answer 507

A

displays information about the device that’s accessible via filename ; which should be a file in the /proc/bus/usb directory tree

Answer 508

A

displays the device list as a tree so that you can see what devices are connected to specific controllers more easily

Answer 509

A

displays the version of the lsusb utility

–version

Answer 510

A

display the current partition table

Answer 511

A

delete a partition

Answer 512

A

display help

also ?

Answer 513

A

change the partition type code

Answer 514

A

display common partition type codes

Answer 515

A

set the bootable flag

Answer 516

A

save changes and exit

Answer 517

A

display existing partitions

Answer 518

A

sets the reserved-space percentage to NUMBER

Answer 519

A

Adjust the number of mounts after which the filesystem will be checked by e2fsck

Answer 520

A

Adjust the maximal time between two filesystem checks. No suffix or d will interpret the number interval-between-checks as days; m as months; and w as weeks. A value of zero will disable the time-dependent checking.

Answer 521

A

converts ext2 to ext3

Answer 522

A

sets the reserved-space blocks to NUMBER

Answer 523

A

enable version 2 log (journal) format

Answer 524

A

obtain the filesystem’s label (name)

Answer 525

A

obtain the filesystem’s uuid

Answer 526

A

set the filesystem’s label (name)

Answer 527

A

set the filesystem’s uuid

Answer 528

A

produces superblock information; similar to what dumpe2fs displays
also stats

Answer 529

A

display the inode data on a file or directory

STRING is the name of a file or directorhy

Answer 530

A

undelete a file
also undel
NUMBER is the inode number and STRING is the name you want to give i

Answer 531

A

obtain a list of deleted inodes

also list_deleted_inodes

Answer 532

A

extract a file from the filesystem
STRING1 is the name of a file in the filesystem that you’re manipulating and STRING2 is a filename on your main Linux system.

Answer 533

A

produces a summary of available commands

also lr; help; or ?

Answer 534

A

exit the program

Answer 535

A

check all of the filesystems marked to be checked in /etc/fstab .

Answer 536

A

displays a text-mode progress indicator of the check process

Answer 537

A

produces verbose output of the check process

Answer 538

A

display what it would normally do without actually doing it

Answer 539

A

causes the program to check only the specified filesystem types; even if others are marked to be checked
used with -A
If STRING is prefixed with no ; then all filesystems except the specified type are checked

Answer 540

A

passes STRING to the underlying check program

Answer 541

A

includes pseudo-filesystems with a size of 0 in the output. These filesystems may include /proc ; /sys ; /proc/bus/usb ; and others
–all

Answer 542

A

scale and label its units

–human-readable

Answer 543

A

scale and label its units using powers of 10

–si

Answer 544

A

scale and label its units using kilobytes

–kilobytes

Answer 545

A

scale and label its units using megabytes

–megabytes

Answer 546

A

report on available and used inodes

–inodes

Answer 547

A

omit network filesystems

–local

Answer 548

A

display filesystem type

–print

Answer 549

A

displays only information about filesystems of the specified type
–type=STRING

Answer 550

A

don’t display information about filesystems of the specified type
–exclude=STRING

Answer 551

A

report on individual files as well.

–all

Answer 552

A

add a grand total to the end of its output

–total

Answer 553

A

scale and label its units;

–human-readable

Answer 554

A

scale and label its units using powers of 10

–si

Answer 555

A

scale and label its units using kilobytes

–kilobytes

Answer 556

A

scale and label its units using megabytes

–megabytes

Answer 557

A

count the space each hardlink takes (useful if you want to burn to optical storage)
–count-links

Answer 558

A

limits the report to NUMBER levels

Answer 559

A

equivalent to –max=depth=0

–summarize

Answer 560

A

limits the report to the current filesystem. If another filesystem is mounted within the tree that you want summarized; its contents aren’t included in the report
–one-file-system

Answer 561

A

mount all of the filesystems listed in the /etc/fstab

Answer 562

A

mount the filesystem read-only

Answer 563

A

produces verbose output

Answer 564

A

mount the filesystem for both read and write

also: -o rw

Answer 565

A

specify the filesystem type

Answer 566

A

mount the filesystem whose label matches STRING

Answer 567

A

mount the filesystem whose UUID matches STRING

Answer 568

A

Causes the default options for this filesystem to be used. It’s used primarily in the /etc/fstab file to ensure that the file includes an options column
supported filesystems: all

Answer 569

A

Causes the loopback device for this mount to be used. Allows you to mount a file as if it were a disk partition. For instance; mount -t vfat -o loop image.img /mnt/image mounts the file image.img as if it were a disk
supported filesystems: all

Answer 570

A

Mounts or doesn’t mount the filesystem at boot time or when root issues the mount -a command. The default is auto ; but noauto is appropriate for removable media. Used in /etc/fstab
supported filesystems: all

Answer 571

A

Allows or disallows ordinary users to mount the filesystem. The default is nouser ; but user is often appropriate for removable media. Used in /etc/fstab . When included in this file; user allows users to type mount /mountpoint (where / mountpoint is the assigned mount point) to mount a disk. Only the user who mounted the filesystem may unmount it.
supported filesystems: all

Answer 572

A

Similar to user ; except that any user may unmount a filesystem once it’s been mounted.
supported filesystems: all

Answer 573

A

Similar to user ; except that the user must own the device file. Some distributions; such as Red Hat; assign ownership of some device files (such as /dev/fd0 for the floppy disk) to the console user; so this can be a helpful option
supported filesystems: all

Answer 574

A

Changes one or more mount options without explicitly unmounting a partition. To use this option; you issue a mount command on an already-mounted filesystem but with remount along with any options that you want to change. This feature can be used to enable or disable write access to a partition; for example
supported filesystems: all

Answer 575

A

Specifies a read-only mount of the filesystem. This is the default for filesystems that include no write access and for some with particularly unreliable write support
supported filesystems: all

Answer 576

A

Specifies a read/write mount of the filesystem. This is the default for most read/write filesystems
supported filesystems: All read/write filesystems

Answer 577

A

Sets the owner of all files. For instance; uid=1000 sets the owner to whomever has Linux user ID 1000. (Check Linux user IDs in the /etc/passwd file.)
supported filesystmes: Most filesystems that don’t support Unix-style permissions; such as vfat ; hpfs ; ntfs ; and hfs

Answer 578

A

Works like uid= value ; but sets the group of all files on the filesystem. You can find group IDs in the /etc/group file
supported filesystems: Most filesystems that don’t support Unix-style permissions; such as vfat ; hpfs ; ntfs ; and hfs

Answer 579

A

Sets the umask for the permissions on files. value is interpreted in binary as bits to be removed from permissions on files. For instance; umask=027 yields permissions of 750; or –rwxr-x— . Used in conjunction with uid= value and gid= value ; this option lets you control who can access files on FAT; HPFS; and many other foreign filesystems.
supported filesystems: Most filesystems that don’t support Unix-style permissions; such as vfat ; hpfs ; ntfs ; and hfs

Answer 580

A

Similar to umask ; but sets the umask for directories only; not for files.
supported filesystems: Most filesystems that don’t support Unix-style permissions; such as vfat ; hpfs ; ntfs ; and hfs

Answer 581

A

Similar to umask ; but sets the umask for files only; not for directories.
supported filesystems: Most filesystems that don’t support Unix-style permissions; such as vfat ; hpfs ; ntfs ; and hfs

Answer 582

A

If code is b or binary ; Linux doesn’t modify the files’ contents. If code is t or text ; Linux auto-converts files between Linux-style and Windows- or Macintosh-style end-of-line characters. If code is a or auto ; Linux applies the conversion unless the file is a known binary file format. It’s usually best to leave this at its default value of binary because file conversions can cause serious problems for some applications and file types.
supported filesystems: Most filesystems used on Microsoft and Apple OSs: msdos ; umsdos ; vfat ; hpfs ; and hfs

Answer 583

A

Disables Rock Ridge extensions for ISO-9660 CD-ROMs.

supported filesystems: iso9660

Answer 584

A

Disables Joliet extensions for ISO-9660 CD-ROMs.

supported filesystems: iso9660

Answer 585

A

attempt to unmount all of the partitions listed in /etc/mtab

Answer 586

A

force an unmount operation that might otherwise fail. This feature is sometimes helpful when unmounting NFS mounts shared by servers that have become unreachable

Answer 587

A

if it can’t unmount a filesystem; it should attempt to remount it in read-only mode

Answer 588

A

unmount only partitions of the specified type. You can list multiple filesystem types by separating them with commas.

Answer 589

A

append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--classify
/ Directory
* Executable
| Named pipe
= Socket
@ Symbolic Link

Answer 590

A

show hidden files (dot)

–all

Answer 591

A

long listing

Answer 592

A

colored listing

Answer 593

A

only list the directory’s name; useful for globbing for directories
–directory

Answer 594

A

display directory contents recursively.

–recursive

Answer 595

A

overwrite any existing files without prompting

–force

Answer 596

A

prompt before overwriting

–interactive

Answer 597

A

preserves ownership and permissions; if possible

–preserve

Answer 598

A

copy recursively
–recursive
Although -r also performs a recursive copy; its behavior with files other than ordinary files and directories is unspecified. Most cp implementations use -r as a synonym for -R ; but this behavior isn’t guaranteed

Answer 599

A

similar to -R ; but it also preserves ownership and copies links as is. The -R option copies the files to which symbolic links point rather than the symbolic links themselves.
–archive

Answer 600

A

copy the file only if the original is newer than the target or if the target doesn’t exist
–update

Answer 601

A

change the access time alone; not the modification time

–time=atime

Answer 602

A

change the modification time alone; not the access time

–time=mtime

Answer 603

A

don’t create the file if it doesn’t exist

–no-create

Answer 604

A

ets the time to the value specified by STRING

MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]

Answer 605

A

Changes to directory dir before performing operations

-directory
eg. tar -xvzf bigfile.tar.gz -C /folder/subfolder/

Answer 606

A

Uses the file called file on the computer called host as the archive file
–file [host:]file

Answer 607

A

Performs an incremental backup or restore; using file as a list of previously archived files
–listed- incremental file

Answer 608

A

Creates or extracts a multi-volume archive

–multi- volume

Answer 609

A

Preserves all protection information

–preserve- permissions

Answer 610

A

Retains the leading / on filenames

–absolute- paths

Answer 611

A

Lists all files read or extracted; when used with –list ; displays file sizes; ownership; and time stamps
–verbose

Answer 612

A

Verifies the archive after writing it

–verify

Answer 613

A

Compresses an archive with gzip

–gzip or – ungzip

Answer 614

A

Compresses an archive with bzip2
–bzip2
some older versions used I or y

Answer 615

A

Compresses an archive with xz

–xz

Answer 616

A

Creates an archive

–create

Answer 617

A

Appends tar files to an archive

–concatenate

Answer 618

A

Appends non- tar files to an archive

–append

Answer 619

A

Appends files that are newer than those in an archive

–update

Answer 620

A

Compares an archive to files on disk

–diff or –compare

Answer 621

A

Lists an archive’s contents

–list

Answer 622

A

Extracts files from an archive

–extract or –get

Answer 623

A

creates an archive and copies files into it

–create

Answer 624

A

extracts data from an existing archive.

–extract

Answer 625

A

combines the copy-out and copy-in modes; enabling you to copy a directory tree from one location to another.
–pass-through

Answer 626

A

Resets the access time after reading a file so that it doesn’t appear to have been read.
–reset- access-time

Answer 627

A

Appends data to an existing archive.

–append

Answer 628

A

Uses the contents of filename as a list of files to be extracted in copy-in mode.
–pattern-file=filename

Answer 629

A

Uses filename as the cpio archive file; if this parameter is omitted; cpio uses standard input or output.
–file=filename

Answer 630

A

Uses a specified format for the archive file. Common values for format include bin (the default; an old binary format); crc (a newer binary format with a checksum); and tar (the format used by tar ).
–format=format

Answer 631

A

Uses the filename specified by STRING instead of standard input. (Unlike -F ; this option does not redirect output data.)

Answer 632

A

In copy-in mode; extracts files relative to the current directory; even if filenames in the archive contain full directory paths.

Answer 633

A

Uses the filename specified by STRING instead of standard output. (Unlike -F ; this option does not redirect input data.)

Answer 634

A

Displays a table of contents for the input

–list

Answer 635

A

Replaces all files without first asking for verification.

–unconditional

Answer 636

A

Displays filenames as they’re added to or extracted from the archive. When used with -t ; displays additional listing information (similar to ls -l ).
–verbose

Answer 637

A

use STRING as the input file

dd if=/dev/sda3 of=/dev/dvd

Answer 638

A

use STRING as the output file

dd if=/dev/sda3 of=/dev/dvd

Answer 639

A

read the filesystem using a block size of NUMBER

1024 seems good

Answer 640

A

read count*bs bytes from the input file

Answer 641

A

overwrite any existing files without prompting

–force

Answer 642

A

prompt before overwriting

–interactive

Answer 643

A

attempt to make a hard link to a directory
or -F or –directory
usually fails

Answer 644

A

make a symbolic link

–symbolic

Answer 645

A

causes the new directory to have the specified permission mode; expressed as an octal number.
–mode=mode

Answer 646

A

create parent directories as needed

–parents

Answer 647

A

don’t display an error message if the directory isn’t empty

Answer 648

A

delete parent directories recursively

-parents
eg. rmdir -p one/two/three

Answer 649

A

–recursive

Answer 650

A

set permissions for the owner

Answer 651

A

set permissions for the group

Answer 652

A

set permissions for all others (world)

Answer 653

A

set permissions for ugo

Answer 654

A

add permissions

Answer 655

A

remove permissions

Answer 656

A

set permissions equal to

Answer 657

A

read permission

Answer 658

A

write permission

Answer 659

A

execute permission

Answer 660

A

execute permission only if it’s already set

Answer 661

A

SUID or SGID

Answer 662

A

sticky bit

Answer 663

A

existing owner’s permissions

Answer 664

A

existing other permissions

Answer 665

A

display permissions that will not be removed from files/folder symbolically
e.g. u=rwx;g=rx;o=rx

Answer 666

A

reinitializes the environment as if the user had just logged in

Answer 667

A

Linux won’t update the access time stamp when you access a file. This can reduce disk input/output; which is particularly helpful for saving battery life on laptops.

Answer 668

A

disables write access to the file except for appending data.

Answer 669

A

causes the kernel to compress data written to the file automatically and uncompress it when it’s read back.

Answer 670

A

cannot be modified: it cannot be deleted or renamed; no link can be created to this file and no data can be written to the file.

Answer 671

A

tells the kernel to journal all data written to the file. This improves recoverability of data written to the file after a system crash but can slow performance. This flag has no effect on ext2 filesystems.

Answer 672

A

when the file is deleted; the kernel zeros its data blocks

Answer 673

A

disables this behavior: small data pieces at a file’s end that don’t fill a complete block are merged with similar pieces of data from other files

Answer 674

A

create aquota.user and aquota.group files

Answer 675

A

check user quotas

Answer 676

A

check group quotas

Answer 677

A

sets the soft limit grace period
0 disables it
grace periods are per filesystem, not per user

Answer 678

A

edit the quota for the group STRING

Answer 679

A

display group quotas

Answer 680

A

omits NFS mounts

Answer 681

A

limits output to filesystems on which usage is over the limit

Answer 682

A

find files that have the specified permissions
also symbolically
e.g. -perm g=w

Answer 683

A

find files that have any of the specified permission bits set

Answer 684

A

locate files that use NUMBER units of space; rounding up
NUMBER is specified in 512k blocks
trail with c for bytes
trail with k for kibibytes
trail with M for Mebibytes

Answer 685

A

locate files larger than NUMBER units of space; rounding up

Answer 686

A

locate files less than NUMBER units of space; rounding up

Answer 687

A

locates files whose gid matches GID

Answer 688

A

locate files whose group matches STRING

Answer 689

A

locates files whose uid matches UID

Answer 690

A

locate files whose owner matches STRING

Answer 691

A

only recuse NUMBER directories

Answer 692

A

show all matches

Answer 693

A

shortens the output to builtin ; file ; alias ; or other short identifiers.

Answer 694

A

provides a complete list; for instance; it provides both the alias expansion and the location of the ultimate executable when provided with an alias name.

Answer 695

A

list the services and their applicable runlevels

Answer 696

A

set the STRING1 program to on or off (STRING2) on the runlevels specified in NUMBER with no delimiters
chkconfig –level 23 nfs-common on

Answer 697

A

adds the STRING script to those managed by chkconfig
This approach may not work if the script lacks the necessary comment lines with runlevel sequence numbers for chkconfig ‘s benefit

Answer 698

A

shutdown now

Answer 699

A

cancel a pending shutdown

Answer 700

A

power off

Answer 701

A

usually powers off; may halt

Answer 702

A

Displays the current status of all configured units.

Answer 703

A

Changes to the default target uni

Answer 704

A

Starts the named unit and stops all others.
systemctl isolate rescue.target
go into single user mode

Answer 705

A

Starts the named unit.

Answer 706

A

Stops the named unit.

Answer 707

A

Causes the named unit to reload its configuration file.

Answer 708

A

Causes the named unit to shut down and restart.

Answer 709

A

Displays the status of the named unit. (You can pass a PID value; rather than a name; if you like.)

Answer 710

A

Configures the unit to start when the computer next boots.

Answer 711

A

Configures the unit not to start when the computer next boots.

Answer 712

A

opens a new line immediately below the current line; moves the cursor to that line; and enters insert mode

Answer 713

A

copy # lines

Answer 714

A

cut # lines

Answer 715

A

copy from cursor to end of word

Answer 716

A

cut from cursor to end of word

Answer 717

A

enter text replacement mode

Answer 718

A

enter insert mode and advance the cursor 1 space

Answer 719

A

change case under cursor and advance 1

Answer 720

A

inserts a new line immediately below the current one and enters insert mode on that line

Answer 721

A

search forward for text

Answer 722

A

search backward for text

Answer 723

A

clear from cursor to the end of the word and enter insert mode

Answer 724

A

clear line and enter insert mode

Answer 725

A

go to line #

Answer 726

A

move cursor to top of screen

Answer 727

A

move cursor to bottom of screen

Answer 728

A

replace STRING1 with STRING2 globally
remove g to do the first occurance on each line
to do only lines 3 through 5; replace % with 3,5

Answer 729

A

load file STRING for editing

closes the currently open file

Answer 730

A

load file STRING on the line after the cursor

Answer 731

A

run external command STRING

:!ls runs ls ; enabling you to see what files are present in the current directory

Answer 732

A

~/.bash_history

Answer 733

A

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc

typically you don’t edit this file

Answer 734

A

/etc/rpmrc
create it if it doesn’t exist
The main reason to create such a file is to implement architecture optimizations—for instance; to optimize your code for your CPU model by passing appropriate compiler options when you build a source RPM into a binary RPM. This is done with the optflags line:
optflags: athlon -O2 -g -march=i686

Answer 735

A

∼ /.rpmrc
create it if it doesn’t exist
The main reason to create such a file is to implement architecture optimizations—for instance; to optimize your code for your CPU model by passing appropriate compiler options when you build a source RPM into a binary RPM. This is done with the optflags line:
optflags: athlon -O2 -g -march=i686

Answer 736

A

/etc/yum.conf
holds basic options; such as the directory to which Yum downloads RPMs and where Yum logs its activities. Chances are that you won’t need to modify this file

Answer 737

A

/etc/yum.repos.d/
You probably shouldn’t directly edit these files; instead; if you want to add a repository; you should manually download the RPM that includes the repository configuration and install it using rpm . The next time you use Yum; it will access your new repository along with the old ones

Answer 738

A

/etc/apt/sources.list

okay to modify

Answer 739

A

/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg or ∼/.dpkg.cfg

Answer 740

A

/etc/apt/apt.conf

BIND formatting

Answer 741

A

/var/lib/dpkg

Answer 742

A

/etc/ld.so.conf

Generally speaking; there’s seldom a need to change the library path system wide

Answer 743

A

/lib and /usr/lib

These directories are always on the library path; even if they aren’t listed in ld.so.conf .

Answer 744

A

/etc/ld.so.cache

Answer 745

A

/proc/interrupts
virtual filesystem
only shows an entry after a driver that uses the interrupt is loaded

Answer 746

A

/dev/ttyS0

Answer 747

A

/dev/ttyS1

Answer 748

A

/dev/ttyS2

Answer 749

A

/dev/ttyS3

Answer 750

A

/proc/ioports

Answer 751

A

/proc/dma

Answer 752

A

/lib/modules

Answer 753

A

/proc/modules

Answer 754

A

/etc/modprobe.conf
or
/etc/modprobe.d/

Answer 755

A

/proc/bus/usb

Answer 756

A

/dev/mapper

Answer 757

A

swap partition (mounted with swapon to /swap)

Answer 758

A

/home partition

Answer 759

A

/boot partition

Answer 760

A

/usr partition

Answer 761

A

/usr/local partition

Answer 762

A

/opt partition

Answer 763

A

/var partition

Answer 764

A

/tmp partition

Answer 765

A

/mnt partition

Answer 766

A

/media partition

Answer 767

A

/etc/fstab

Answer 768

A

/etc/mtab

Answer 769

A

/usr/local

Answer 770

A

/usr/share/man

Answer 771

A

/usr/X11R6

Answer 772

A

/etc/updatedb.conf

Answer 773

A

/boot/efi

Answer 774

A

/boot/grub/menu.lst

/boot/grub/grub.conf

Answer 775

A

/boot/grub/grub.cfg

do not edit

Answer 776

A

etc/grub.d/

Answer 777

A

/etc/default/grub

Answer 778

A

/var/log/messages

Answer 779

A

/var/log/syslog

Answer 780

A

/sbin/init

Answer 781

A

/etc/inittab

id: runlevels:action:process
e. g.
l0: 0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0
l1: 1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1

Answer 782

A

/etc/init.d/rc

or /etc/rc.d/rc

Answer 783

A

/etc/rc.d/rc?.d
or /etc/init.d/rc?.d or /etc/rc?.d
S* scripts are started
K* scripts are stopped

Answer 784

A

/lib/systemd/system

Answer 785

A

/etc/init/

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