All cards randomised

Question 1

RX
CH3CH2Br

Answer 1

Haloalkanes
Prefix: bromo, chloro, flouro, iodo

Question 2

Polymerisation

Answer 2

alkene/haloalkene ->(heat and pressure) poly(alkene)
CH2CH2 ->(heat and high pressure) -[CH2CH2]-

Question 3

Esterification

Answer 3

Carboxylic acid + Alcohol <->(heat + mineral acid) Ester + Water
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH <->(heat + mineral acid)
CH3C(O)OCH2CH3 + H2O

Question 4

what is the quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 4

The quaternary structure of a protein is the combination of one or more polypeptides that contain 50 or more amino acids

Question 5

Substitution of haloalkanes with halogens

Answer 5

Haloalkane + NaI ->(ethanol and stir) Haloalkane(iodine) + salt(Na+halogen)

Question 6

Substitution of alkanes

Answer 6

Alkane + Halogen gas ->(UV light) Haloalkane + hydrohalide
CH3CH3 + Cl2 ->(UV light) CH3CH2Cl + HCl

Question 7

What is cellulose

Answer 7

cellulose is a common glucose polymer that contains beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages, it is insoluble in water and indigestible

Question 8

R−COOH
CH3CH2COOH

Answer 8

Carboxylic Acid
suffix: -oic acid

Question 9

Hydration

Answer 9

Alkene or alkyne + H2 ->(with metal catalyst) alkane or alkene
CH2CH2 + H2 ->(Pt) CH3CH3

Question 10

Substitution of haloalkanes with NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

Answer 10

Haloalkane + NaOH ->(heat) Alcohol + salt
CH3CH(Br)CH3 + NaOH ->(heat) CH3CH(OH)CH3 + NaBr

Question 11

CH3CCH
Hydrocarbon chain with one or more triple bond

Answer 11

Alkyne

Question 12

RNH2
CH3CH2NH2

Answer 12

Amine
suffix: -amine

Question 13

What is the primary structure of a protein

Answer 13

The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids formed by the peptide bonds cause by a condensation reaction between the carboxyl end of one amino acid and the amino end of another

Question 14

Reduction of nitriles

Answer 14

Nitrile ->(LiAlH4 and water) primary amine

Question 15

RCOOR
CH3COOCH2CH3

Answer 15

Ester
Naming: alcohol with yl suffix followed by carboxylic acid with -oate suffix

Question 16

What are the two glucose polymers that make up starch

Answer 16

Amylose and amylopectinAmylose is an unbranched glucose polymer with alpha 1-4 glycosidic links whereas amylopectin is a branched glucose polymer with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic links

Question 17

Hydrohalogenation

Answer 17

Alkene + Hydrohalide -> haloalkaneif the carbon chain is asymmetrical then the hydrogen will attach to the carbon with the most hydrogens already attached
CH2CH2 + HCl -> CH3CH(Cl)CH3

Question 18

Reduction of Alkenes

Answer 18

Alkene + H2 ->(metal catalyst and extreme heat) alkane

Question 19

RCHO
CH3CH2CHO

Answer 19

Aldehyde
suffix: -al

Question 20

Oxidation of secondary alcohol

Answer 20

Secondary Alcohol ->(K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, >70 degrees) Ketone
CH3CH(O)CH3 ->(K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, >70 degrees) CH3COCH3

Question 21

R-OH
CH3CH2OH

Answer 21

Alcohol
suffix: -ol

Question 22

What is an enzyme

Answer 22

Enzymes are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions in living organisms. They have an active site that is specific for one substrate. the active sight in an amino acid is an indentation in the protein structure that is big enough to fit the chemical reactants in the correct orientation for the reaction to occur to interact with the substrates and once the chemical reaction occurs the products leave the active site leaving the enzyme unchanged in order to begin the next chemical reaction

Question 23

Hydration

Answer 23

Alkene + Water ->(high temperature, pressure and strong acid catalyst) Alcohol
CH2CH2 + H2O ->(high temp, pressure, strong acid) CH3CH2OH

Question 24

RONH2
CH3CONH2

Answer 24

Amide
suffix: -amide

Question 25

Halogenation

Answer 25

Alkene or alkyne + Halogen -> haloalkane or haloalkene CH2CH2 + Cl2 -> CH2ClCH2Cl

Question 26

Oxidation of primary alcohol

Answer 26

Primary Alcohol ->(K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, >50 degrees) Aldehyde ->(K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, >50 degrees) Carboxylic acid CH3CH2CH2OH ->(K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, >50 degrees) CH3CH2CH=O ->(K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, >50 degrees) CH3CH2COOH

Question 27

Substitution of haloalkanes with KCN (potassium cyanide)

Answer 27

Haloalkane + KCN ->(heat and ethanol) Nitrile CH3CH2CH2Cl + KCN ->(heat and ethanol) CH3CH2CH2CN

Question 28

CH2CH2 Hydrocarbon chain with one or more double bond

Answer 28

Alkene

Question 29

RCOR CH3C(O)CH3

Answer 29

Ketone suffix: -one

Question 30

Elimination

Answer 30

Haloalkane + NaOH or KOH ->(Heat) Alkene + Salt + Water CH3CH(Br)CHCH3 + NaOH ->(heat) CH2CHCH3 + NaBr + H20

Question 31

What is the tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 31

The tertiary structure is the three dimensional interaction between the secondary structure present in a polypeptide.

Question 32

What is the secondary structure of a protein

Answer 32

The secondary structure is the folding of the polypeptide into either alpha helices or beta pleated sheets Alpha helices are a spring structure that is stabilised by hydrogen bonding between each peptides carbonyl oxygen and the amino hydrogen atom another peptide further along the polypeptide Beta pleated sheets have a wavy appearance due to the sizes of the amino acid chains that protrude from the main sheet and is formed when adjacent polypeptides interact through the hydrogen bonding between the peptides

Question 33

CH3CH3 Single bonded only hydrocarbon chain

Answer 33

Alkane

Question 34

Whats the difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 34

ALPHA: the hydroxyl group attached to carbon 1 is bonded vertically down BETA: the hydroxyl group attached to carbon 1 is bonded diagonally upwards

Question 35

Amide synthesis

Answer 35

Carboxylic acid + Amine ->(heat) Amide + Water

Question 36

What are the three types of sugars

Answer 36

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

Question 37

Substitution of haloalkanes with NH3 (ammonia)

Answer 37

Haloalkane + 2NH3 ->(ethanol, sealed and heat) amine + ammonium(halogen) CH3CH2Br + 2NH3 ->(ethanol, sealed and heat) CH3CH2NH2 + NH4Br

Question 38

RCN CH3CH2CN

Answer 38

Nitrile suffix: -nitrile