All da Drugs w/ MOA

Question 1

Streptogramins

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

Answer 1

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

• Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit
• Effective in treating vanc resistant S. aureus and Enterococcus

Question 2

Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins [ -cillin ]

Methicillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin

Answer 2

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

• Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
• bactericidal

Question 3

Chloramphenicol

Answer 3

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

• Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit
• bacteriostatic

Question 4

Nitroimidazoles [ -idazole ]

Metronidazole, Tinidazole

Answer 4

[Inhibition of DNA function]

- Forms toxic free radical metabolites

Question 5

Ganciclovir

Answer 5

[ Targets CMV Kinase ]

Question 6

Aminopenicillins [ -cillin ]

Ampicillin, AmOxicillin

Answer 6

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

• Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
• bactericidal
• Usually given with a beta-lactamase inhibitor

Question 7

Statins

Answer 7

[ Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase]

• Mostly lowers LDL
• Lowers Triglycerides some

Question 8

Niacin

Answer 8

[ Dec. fatty acid release ]
[ Dec. VLDL synthesis ]
- Both dec. LDL

[ Dec. HDL clearance ]
- Significant inc. in HDL

Question 9

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir [ -ciclovir ]

Answer 9

[ Targets HSV1/2 & VZV Thymidine Kinase ]

Question 10

Carbapenems [ -penem ]

Imipenem/Cilastatin, Ertapenem

Answer 10

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

• Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
• Bactericidal
• Reserved for resistant organisms

Question 11

Oxazolidinones

Linezolid

Answer 11

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

- Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit

Question 12

Tetracyclines [ -cycline ]

Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline

Answer 12

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

• Inhibits 30S ribosomal subunit
• bacteriostatic

Question 13

[ -tide ]

Exenatide, Liraglutide

Answer 13

[ GLP-1 agonists ]

• Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion
• Decreases glucagon secretion
• Delays gastric emptying

Question 14

Bile acid sequestrants

Cholestyramine

Answer 14

[ Bind bile acids in gut ]

• Prevent reabsoption of bile acids
• Lowers LDL some

Question 15

Vancomycin

Answer 15

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

- Bactericidal

Question 16

Neuraminidase Inhibitors [ -amivir ]

Zanamivir, Oseltamivir

Answer 16

[ Neuraminidase Inhibitors ]

- Prevents viral capsid egress

Question 17

( Acarbose, Miglitol )

Answer 17

[ alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ]

- Reduces intestinal disaccharide absorption

Question 18

Aminoglycosides [ -amycin ]

Tobramycin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin

Answer 18

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

• Inhibits 30S ribosomal subunit
• bactericidal
• Broad spectrum gram negative

Question 19

Fibrates

Fenofibrate

Answer 19

[ Activate PPAR-alpha ]
[ Dec. VLDL synthesis ]
- Significantly dec. Triglicerides
- Inc. HDL some

Question 20

Sulfonylureas

Answer 20

[ Increases insulin secretion ]

- Inhibits beta-cell ATP-dependent K+ channels

Question 21

Ezetimibe

Answer 21

[Inhibits cholesterol absoption]

- Lowers LDL some

Question 22

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 22

[ Inhibition of DNA function ]

- Forms toxic free radical metabolites

Question 23

Fluroquinolones [ -floxacin ]

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin

Answer 23

[Inhibition of DNA function]

• Inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV
• bactericidal

Question 24

[ -gliptin ]

Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin

Answer 24

[ DPP4 inhibitors ]

- Increases endogenous GLP-1 & GIP levels

Question 25

Macrolides [ -omycin ] | Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

Answer 25

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ] - Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit - bacteriostatic (bactericidal at high doses )

Question 26

Penicillins [ -cillin ] | Pen G, Pen V

Answer 26

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ] - Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan - bactericidal

Question 27

Cilostazol

Answer 27

[ Inhibits platelet phosphodiesterase] - Decreases platelet aggregation - Direct arterial vasodilator - Used to treat PAD ref: UWorld QID: 1080

Question 28

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin [ -cillin ] | Piperacillin, Ticarcillin

Answer 28

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ] - Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan - Bactericidal - Used mostly for Pseudomonas

Question 29

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim | TMP + SMX( Bactrum )

Answer 29

[ Folic Acid Biosynthesis inhibitors] - Inhibits bacterial PABA - bactericidal if given with Trimethoprim (TMP)

Question 30

Aztreonam

Answer 30

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ] - Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan - Bactericidal - Narrow spectrum; aerobic gram negative's

Question 31

Metformin

Answer 31

[ Stimulates AMPK ] - Decreases gluconeogenesis - Decreases insulin resistance

Question 32

Fish oil / Omega-3-FA

Answer 32

[ Dec. VLDL synthesis ] [ Dec. Apolipoprotein B synthesis ] - Dec. Triglicerides - Inc. HDL

Question 33

Thiazolidinediones [ -glitazone ] | Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

Answer 33

[ Activates PPAR-gamma ] | - Decreases insulin resistance

Question 34

Clindamycin

Answer 34

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ] - Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit - bacteriostatic - Anaerobes

Question 35

Daptomycin

Answer 35

[ Cell Membrane Disruption ] - Bactericidal - Gram positive only

Question 36

[ -agliflozin ] | Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin

Answer 36

[ SGLT2 inhibitors ] | - Increases renal glucose