All Dates Flashcards
1
Q
14th Century-1527
A
roughly the Italian Renaissance
2
Q
1453
A
Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks
3
Q
1492 (both)
A
Columbus sails the ocean blue, no more muslim no more jew (reconquista)
4
Q
1513
A
Machiavelli publishes The Prince
5
Q
1521—1648
A
Era of Religious Wars
6
Q
1517
A
Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses
7
Q
1527
A
Sack of Rome
8
Q
1529
A
The Ottoman Turks lay siege to Vienna
8
Q
1545-63
A
Council of Trent meets to decide how to reform the Catholic Church
9
Q
1517-1648
A
Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter Reformation
10
Q
1555
A
Peace of Augsburg ends the civil wars in Germany
11
Q
1588
A
The Spanish Armada Fails in Its Crusade Against Protestant Elizabethan England
12
Q
1567
A
Dutch Wars of Independence and Religion against Philip II
13
Q
1562—1598
A
The French Civil Wars of Religion and Politics
14
Q
1598
A
Edict of Nantes
15
Q
1598
A
Philip II of Spain dies
16
Q
1639-1646
A
English Civil War round I erupts
17
Q
1688, 1689
A
Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights
17
Q
1651
A
Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan
18
Q
1618
A
Defenestration of Prague Begins Round Two of Religious and Civil War in HRE
18
Q
1688
A
John Locke publishes his Second Treatise on Government
19
Q
1648
A
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War
20
Q
1661-1715
A
Louis XIV assumes personal direction of his affairs and begins his reign as the “Sun King”
21
Q
1642
A
Galileo dies and Newton is born indicating the growing and evolving Scientific Revolution
22
1683
Ottoman Turks laid siege to Vienna
23
1450-1650 and beyond
The Commercial Revolution
24
1689-1789
The Era of Enlightenment or Age of Reason
25
1689
English Bill of Rights
26
1701-1713
Wars of Spanish Succession
26
1776
Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
27
1713
Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession
28
1740
Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria begin German dualisms duel
29
1698-1725
Peter the Great Begins Westernization of Russia
30
1756-63
The Seven Years War
31
18th century
Rococo Art and Mozart
32
1780-1790
Reign of Josef II of Austria
33
May 5, 1789
The Estates General are summoned by Louis XVI
34
June 20-27
The Tennis Court Oath
35
July 14, 1789
Storming of the Bastille
36
August 4, 1789
Abolition of feudal privileges by National Constituent Assembly
37
1791-92
Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft publish treatises calling for women’s equality
37
1790 (2)
“Father of Modern Conservatism”, the Brit Edmund Burke predicts violent future of French Revolution
38
1790 (1)
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
39
1789-1791
Moderate stage of revolution dominated by those members of Third Estate originally summoned to the Estates General
39
1793-94
Radical Phase of the French Revolution
40
1799
Napoleon’s coup d’etat overthrows corrupt Directory
41
1793-94
Radical Revolution eventually led by the Jacobin Party leader Robespierre
42
1804
England dominates the High Seas for a Century
43
1812
Napoleon makes the fateful decision to invade Russia
44
1815-1914
the “Long Peace” in Europe
44
1789-1848
Romantic Era
45
1815
Congress of Vienna
46
1776-1830
Era of Democratic Revolutions Sweep Across the New World and Western “Liberal” Europe
47
1815-1848
The Age of Metternich
48
1819
Peterloo Massacre
48
1815-1846
Corn Laws In Effect
49
19th Century
Industrial Revolution
50
1832
Great Reform Bill in Britain
51
1838-1848
Chartists in England call for universal suffrage
52
1798--1848
David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages”
53
1846
Repeal of Corn Laws in England
53
1848 (1)
Revolution sweeps across Europe and Failure of liberal nationalism
54
1848 (2)
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish their Communist Manifesto
54
1890’s
Fabian Socialist and Evolutionary Socialists Parties grow
55
July 1914
July diplomatic crisis; blank check, ultimatum, Russian mobilization, Schlieffen Plan, Belgian neutrality
56
June 28, 1914
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzigovina, Austrian-Hungarian Empire
57
August 1914
WWI begins
58
1917
American enters war
59
1915
Italy and Ottomans enter the fray
60
November 11, 1918
armistice is signed ended the fighting on the Western Front
61
1905
“Bloody Sunday”
62
1919
Versailles Peace Conference
63
February 1917
Czar is overthrown and replaced by a provisional government
64
1917—1921
Civil War between the Reds and Whites in Russia
65
11:00 11/11/1918
the armistice ending hostilities is signed in a train car
65
1922-1928
The New Economic Policy was launched by Lenin
66
1924
Lenin dies
67
1929-1930
Great Depression hits Europe
67
1928
First 5 Year Plan for heavy industry was launched by Stalin in the USSR
68
1933
Hitler is appointed Chancellor by the aging Hindenburg in Germany
69
1935
Mussolini ordered the invasion of Ethiopia
70
1936-39
Spanish Civil War
70
1936
Leon Blum, a socialist, leads the Popular Front in France
71
March 1938
Anschluss German occupied Austria
72
September of 1938
Munich Conference
73
August of 1939
Nazi/Soviet Pact
74
November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht
75
November 9
Destiny Day
76
Sept. 1, 1939
WWII begins
77
1942
The “Final Solution” of the Jewish Question Gross Wannsee conference
78
1940
Norway, Holland, Belgium, and even France are crushed
79
June 22, 1941
“Operation Barbarossa”
80
May 8, 1945
V-E Day
80
Dec. 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor
81
June 6, 1944
D-Day
82
1947
Truman Doctrine
83
1947-48
Marshall Plan
84
1948
Berlin Airlift
85
1946
“Iron Curtain” speech
86
1947
India gained independence from Britain
87
1956
Khrushchev makes his six-hour long “secret speech”
88
1956
Imre Nagy leads a movement in Hungary to become more independent from Moscow
89
1957
Treaty of Rome
90
1958
The Algerian Crisis
91
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
92
1961
Berlin Wall is erected
93
1979
The Soviet invaded Afghanistan
93
1968
“Prague Spring” is crushed
94
1979
Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher is elected Prime Minister of Britain
95
1979
Solidarity Movement under Lech Walesa is launched
96
1985
Gorbachev is elected premier of the Soviet Union
97
1988-89
The Velvet Revolutions
98
1991
Fall of the Soviet Union
99
1994-95
Ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia
100
1990
Germany reunified
101
1990’s
Eastern European states struggle to convert to free market capitalism and democracy
102
September 11, 2001
terrorists combined with weapons of mass destruction become the new scourge of the twenty-first century.
103
2008-2009
Great Recession
104
2009-2024
rise of right wing populist authoritarianism who oppose immigration, globalization, and want a return to “traditional values”
