All Mechanisms + reactants + conditions (A2)

Question 1

Alkene to Haloalkane

Answer 1

Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
Reagent: HBr, HCl, Br2 or Cl2

Question 2

Alkene to Alkyl hydrogen-sulfate

Answer 2

Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
Reagent: H2SO4

Question 3

Alkane to Haloalkane

Answer 3

Mechanism: Free-Radical Substitution
Reagent: Br2 or Cl2
Condition: UV light

Question 4

Alkane to CO2 + H2O

Answer 4

Reagent: O2
Reaction type: Combustion

Question 5

Haloalkane to Alkene

Answer 5

Mechanism: Elimination
Reagent: KOH
Condition: Ethanol, reflux

Question 6

Haloalkane to Alcohol

Answer 6

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: NaOH
Condition: Aqueous, heat under reflux

Question 7

Haloalkane to Amine

Answer 7

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: Excess NH3
Condition: Ethanol, heat and pressure

Question 8

Haloalkane to Nitrile

Answer 8

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: KCN
Condition: Water and Ethanol

Question 9

Nitrile to Amine

Answer 9

Reagent: H2
Condition: Nickel [catalyst]

Question 10

Amine to 2°/3° Amine Or Ammonium Quaternary Salt

Answer 10

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution Reagent: Excess Haloalkane

Question 11

Alkene to Alcohol

Answer 11

Reagent: Steam
Condition: H3PO4 [catalyst]
Reaction type: Direct Hydration

Question 12

Alcohol to Alkene

Answer 12

Mechanism: Elimination
Reagent: Hot Conc H2SO4 OR Al2O3 [catalysts]
Condition: 600K

Question 13

Alkyl Hydrogen-Sulphate to Alcohol

Answer 13

Reagent: H2O

Question 14

Glucose to Alcohol

Answer 14

Conditions: Yeast, 35°C, no O2
Reaction type: Fermentation

Question 15

1° Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 15

Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux, excess oxidising agent
Reaction type: Oxidation

Question 16

1° Alcohol to Aldehyde

Answer 16

Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Distillation
Reaction type: Oxidation

Question 17

2° Alcohol to Ketone

Answer 17

Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux or Distillation
Reaction type: Oxidation

Question 18

Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 18

Reagent: H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Reflux
Reaction type: Oxisation

Question 19

Aldehyde to Hydroxyl Nitrile

Answer 19

Reagent: KCN
Conditions: Aqueous, ethanolic

Question 20

Carboxylic Acid to Ester

Answer 20

Reagent: Alcohol
Conditions: H2SO4 [catalyst]

Question 21

Acid Anhydride to Ester

Answer 21

Reagent: Alcohol OR Phenol

Question 22

Acyl Chloride to Ester

Answer 22

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition- Elimination
Reagent: Alcohol

Question 23

Aldehyde OR Ketone to Alcohol

Answer 23

Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition
Reagent: NaBH4
Conditions: Acidic Solvent
Reaction type: Reduction

Question 24

Ester to Salt (COOH) + Alcohol

Answer 24

Reagent: NaOH and H2O
Reaction type: Base Hydrolysis

Question 25

Ester to Carboxyl and Alcohol

Answer 25

Reagent: H+ and H2O Reaction type: Acid Hydrolysis

Question 26

Acyl Chloride to Amide

Answer 26

Reagent: NH3I

Question 27

Benzene to Acyl Benzene

Answer 27

Mechanism: Electrophilic Substitution Reagent: Acyl group (RC=O) Conditions: AlCl4+ (catalyst) and RCO+ (electrophile) Reaction type: Acylation

Question 28

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

Answer 28

Reagent: Conc HNO3 Conditions: Conc H2SO4

Question 29

Nitrobenzene to Phenyl Amine

Answer 29

Reagent: HCl Conditions: Sn catalyst Reaction type: Reduction

Question 30

Long Chain Carboxylic Acid (Fatty acid) to Ester

Answer 30

Reagent: Glycerol

Question 31

Biodiesel to Methyl Esthers

Answer 31

Reagent: Methanol Other Product: Glycerol

Question 32

Acid Anhydride reacts with Water

Answer 32

Products: 2 Carboxylic acids

Question 33

Acid Anhydride reacts with Alcohol

Answer 33

Products: Carboxylic Acid and Esther

Question 34

Acid Anhydride reacts with Ammonia

Answer 34

Products: Carboxylic Acid and Amide Note: + Excess Ammonia = Salt of COOH

Question 35

Acid Anhydride reacts with 1° Amine

Answer 35

Products: Carboxylic Acid and 2° Amide

Question 36

Dicarboxylic Acid reacts with Diol

Answer 36

Products: Polyester and H20 - Ester bond

Question 37

Dicarboxylic Acid reacts with Diamine

Answer 37

Products: Polyamide and H2O - Peptide bond