All Muscles

Question 1

ORIGIN(S): External occipital protuberance , Superior nuchal line , Nuchal ligament , Spinous processes of C7-T12
INSERTION(S): Lateral third of the clavicle , Acromion process , Scapular spine

Answer 1

TRAPEZIUS (FIG. 21.31)
ACTION(S): Extends the neck and head (upper fibers) , Elevates the scapula (upper fibers) , Upwardly rotates the scapula (upper fibers) , Retracts the scapula (middle fibers) , Depresses the scapula (lower fibers) , Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction) , Rotates the head (unilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) , Midcervical nerves

Question 2

ORIGIN(S): Superior ischial tuberosity,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

Answer 2

GEMELLUS INFERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.67)
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip
NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

Question 3

ORIGIN(S): Lateral distal third of the fibular shaft, Interosseous membrane,
INSERTION(S): Metatarsal V

Answer 3

FIBULARIS TERTIUS (FIG. 21.97)
ACTION(S): Everts the foot, Dorsiflexes the ankle
NERVE(S): Deep fibular nerve

Question 4

ORIGIN(S): Transverse process of one vertebral segment
INSERTION(S): Spinous process of the first or second vertebral segment above

Answer 4

ROTATORES (FIG. 21.126)
ACTION(S): Rotates the vertebral column
NERVE(S): Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 5

Rotation of the Head and Neck

Answer 5

Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Rectus capitis posterior major, Oblique capitis inferior

Question 6

ORIGIN(S): Manubrium of the sternum (sternal head), Medial third of the clavicle (clavicular head)
INSERTION(S): Mastoid process, Superior nuchal line

Answer 6

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOR (FIC, 21.112)
ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head to the opposite side (unilateral contraction), Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Elevates the sternum during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

Question 7

ORIGIN(S): Obturator membrane, Superior pubic ramus, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

Answer 7

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS (SEE FIG. 21.67), LatiNERVE(S): obturare-obstruct externus-outside, ORIGIN(S): Obturator membrane, Superior pubic ramus, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus,
INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter
ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip
NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

Question 8

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of T12-L5 (anterior surface), Vertebral bodies of T12-L5, Intervertebral discs of lumbar vertebrae,
INSERTION(S): Lesser trochanter

Answer 8

PSOAS MAJOR (FIG. 21.65)
ACTION(S): Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Flexes the vertebral column (bilateral contraction), Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Lumbar plexus

Question 9

ORIGIN(S): Linea aspera (lateral lip), Gluteal tuberosity,
INSERTION(S): Tibial tuberosity

Answer 9

VASTUS LATERALIS (FIG. 21.83)
ACTION(S): Extends the knee
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

Question 10

ORIGIN(S): Hamate, Transverse carpal ligament,
INSERTION(S): Metacarpal V

Answer 10

OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI (FIG. 21.62)
ACTION(S): Adducts digit V (moves little finger into opposition)
NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve

Question 11

ORIGIN(S): Maxillae, Mandible
INSERTION(S): Mucous membranes of the lips, Muscles inserting into the lips

Answer 11

ORBICULARIS ORIS (FIG. 21.105
ACTION(S): Closes the lips, Protrudes and protracts the lips, Assists in dozens of activities such as eating, drinking, and speaking
NERVE(S): Facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

Question 12

ORIGIN(S): Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS),
INSERTION(S): Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

Answer 12

SARTORIUS (FIG. 21.84)
ACTION(S): Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip, Flexes the knee
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

Question 13

ORIGIN(S): Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
INSERTION(S): Mandibular angle (interior surface), Mandibular ramus (interior surface)

Answer 13

MEDIAL PTERYGOID (FIG. 21.111
ACTION(S): Excursion or laterally deviates the mandible (unilateral contraction), Elevates the mandible (bilateral contraction), Protracts the mandible (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

Question 14

Depression of the scapula.

Answer 14

Trapezius (lower fibers), Serratus anterior, Pectoralis minor

Question 15

ORIGIN(S): Anterior fibular shaft (middle region), Interosseous membrane,
INSERTION(S): Distal phalanx of the great toe

Answer 15

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS (FIG. 21.94)
ACTION(S): Extends the great toe, Dorsiflexes the ankle
NERVE(S): Deep fibular nerve

Question 16

ORIGIN(S): Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head), Posterior proximal humeral shaft (lateral head), Posterior distal humeral shaft (medial head),
INSERTION(S): Olecranon process

Answer 16

TRICEPS BRACHII (FIG. 21.49)
ACTION(S): Extends the elbow, Extends the humerus, Adducts the humerus
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 17

Extension of the hip.

Answer 17

Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Adductor magnus

Question 18

ORIGIN(S): Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus,
INSERTION(S): Posterior base of metacarpal lI

Answer 18

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS (FIG. 21.56
ACTION(S): Extends the wrist, Abducts the wrist
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 19

ORIGIN(S): Iliac fossa,
INSERTION(S): Lesser trochanter

Answer 19

ILIACUS (FIG. 21.66)
ACTION(S): Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

Question 20

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon,
INSERTION(S): Palmar aponeurosis

Answer 20

PALMARIS LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.54)
ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Cups (tenses) the palm
NERVE(S): Median nerve

Question 21

ORIGIN(S): Proximal half of the lateral tibial shaft, Interosseous membrane
INSERTION(S): Metatarsal I, Medial cuneiform

Answer 21

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR (FIG. 21.92)
ACTION(S): Dorsiflexes the ankle, Inverts the foot
NERVE(S): Deep fibular nerve

Question 22

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon
INSERTION(S): Middle and distal phalanges of digits Il through V

Answer 22

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM (SEE FIG. 21.56)
ACTION(S): Extends the wrist, Extends the fingers at the DIP, PIP, and MCP joints
NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 23

ORIGIN(S): Lateral condyle of femur,
INSERTION(S): Posterior proximal tibial shaft

Answer 23

POPLITEUS (FIG. 21.85)
ACTION(S): Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed)
NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

Question 24

ORIGIN(S): Spinous process of C2
INSERTION(S): INSERTION, Transverse process of C1

Answer 24

OBLIQUE CAPITIS INFERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.115)
ACTION(S): Rotates the head
NERVE(S): Suboccipital nerve

Question 25

ORIGIN(S): Transverse process of one vertebral segment (cervical and thoracic regions) INSERTION(S): Between superior and inferior nucha lines, Spinous processes of the fifth, sixth, and seventh vertebral segments above (cervical and thoracic regions except C1)

Answer 25

MULTIFIDUS (FIG. 21.125) ACTION(S): Rotates the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Extends the vertebral column (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 26

Extension of the shoulder.

Answer 26

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Posterior deltoid, Pectoralis major, Triceps brachii

Question 27

ORIGIN(S): Medial half of the clavicle, Edge of the sternal body, Ribs 1 through 7 (costal cartilages), INSERTION(S): Intertubercular groove of the humerus (lateral lip)

Answer 27

PECTORALIS MAJOR (FIG. 21.43) ACTION(S): Adducts the humerus (anteriorly), Internally/medially rotates the humerus, Flexes the humerus, Extends the humerus NERVE(S): Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 28

ORIGIN(S): L1-L3 , Ribs 6-12 , Xiphoid process of the sternum INSERTION(S): Central tendon (cloverleaf-shaped aponeurosis)

Answer 28

DIAPHRAGM (FIG. 21.131) ACTION(S): Descends or moves inferiorly during inhalation, which helps move air into the lungs Increases intraabdominal pressure NERVE(S): Phrenic nerve

Question 29

ORIGIN(S): Fibular head, Lateral proximal half of the fibular shaft INSERTION(S): Metatarsal I, Medial cuneiform

Answer 29

FIBULARIS LONGUS (FIG 21.95) ACTION(S): Everts the foot, Plantarflexes the ankle NERVE(S): Superficial fibular nerve

Question 30

ORIGIN(S): Distal half of anterior humeral shaft INSERTION(S): Ulnar tuberosity, Coronoid process of the ulna

Answer 30

BRACHIALIS (FIG. 21.47) ACTION(S): Flexes the elbow NERVE(S): Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 31

ORIGIN(S): Obturator membrane, Obturator foramen (interior border), INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

Answer 31

OBTURATOR INTERNUS (SEE FIG. 21.67) ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

Question 32

ORIGIN(S): Proximal three-fourths of the anterior ulnar shaft, Interosseous membrane INSERTION(S): Distal phalanges of digits ll through V

Answer 32

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS (FIG. 21.55) ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Flexes the fingers at the distal interphalangeal (DIP), PIP, and MCP joints NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve, Median nerve

Question 33

ORIGIN(S): Anterior pubic body, INSERTION(S): Middle third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

Answer 33

ADDUCTOR LONGUS (FIG. 21.76 ACTION(S): Adducts the hip NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

Question 34

ORIGIN(S): Anterior radial shaft—middle region (longus), Interosseous membrane (longus), Trapezium (brevis), Transverse carpal ligament (brevis) INSERTION(S): Anterior distal phalanx of the thumb (longus), Proximal phalanx of the thumb (brevis)

Answer 34

FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.57) AND BREVIS ACTION(S): Flexes the thumb NERVE(S): Median nerve (longus), Median and ulnar nerves (brevis)

Question 35

ORIGIN(S): Superior posterior third of the fibular shaft, Soleal line of the tibia, INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon

Answer 35

SOLEUS (FIG. 21.100), LatiNERVE(S): solea-sole of the foot or sandal, ORIGIN(S): Superior posterior third of the fibular shaft, Soleal line of the tibia, INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon, ACTION, Plantarflexes the ankle NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

Question 36

ORIGIN(S): Subscapular fossa of the scapula, INSERTION(S): Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Answer 36

SUBSCAPULARIS (FIG. 21.41 ACTION(S): Internally/medially rotates the humerus NERVE(S): Subscapular nerve

Question 37

ORIGIN(S): Coracoid process of the scapula, INSERTION(S): Medial humeral shaft (middle region)

Answer 37

CORACOBRACHIALIS (FIG. 21.44) ACTION(S): Flexes the humerus, Adducts the humerus NERVE(S): Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 38

ORIGIN(S): Ischial tuberosity, INSERTION(S): Medial condyle of the tibia

Answer 38

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS (FIG. 21.87) ACTION(S): Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

Question 39

Protraction of the Mandible.

Answer 39

Masseter, Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid

Question 40

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of T11-L2 INSERTION(S): Ribs 9-12 (posterior surface)

Answer 40

SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR (SEE FIG, 21.134) ACTION(S): Depresses the ribs during exhalation NERVE(S): Intercostal nerves (T9-T12)

Question 41

ORIGIN(S): Ribs 5-12 (anterior lateral surface) INSERTION(S): Anterior iliac crest, Aponeurosis of rectus sheath, Pubic crest

Answer 41

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES (FIC 41 118) ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column, Rotates the vertebral column, Flexes the vertebral column, Compresses abdominal contents, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Anterior rami of intercostal nerves (T7-T12)

Question 42

Rotation of the trunk and vertical column

Answer 42

External obliques, Internal obliques, Transversospinalis

Question 43

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of C3-C6 (anterior surface) INSERTION(S): Rib 1 (superior surface)

Answer 43

SCALENUS ANTERIOR (SEE FIG 21.113) ACTION(S): Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Elevates the first rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Anterior rami of the cervical nerves

Question 44

Flexion of the trunk and vertical column

Answer 44

Psoas major, Rectus abdominis, External obliques, Internal obliques

Question 45

Extension of the trunk and vertical column

Answer 45

Quadratus lumborum, Semispinalis, Multifidus, Erector spinae

Question 46

ORIGIN(S): Zygomatic arch INSERTION(S): Mandibular angle (superficial head), Mandibular ramus (deep head)

Answer 46

MASSETER (FIG. 21.109) ACTION(S): Elevates the mandible, Protracts the mandible NERVE(S): Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

Question 47

ORIGIN(S): Spinous process of C2 INSERTION(S): Lateral inferior nuchal line

Answer 47

RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR (SEE FIG. 21.115) ACTION(S): Extends the head, Rotates the head NERVE(S): Suboccipital nerve

Question 48

ORIGIN(S): Ischial spine, INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

Answer 48

GEMELLUS SUPERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.67) ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

Question 49

ORIGIN(S): Inferior third of the lateral border of the scapula, INSERTION(S): Intertubercular groove of the humerus (medial lip)

Answer 49

TERES MAJOR (FIG. 21.37) ACTION(S): Extends the humerus, Internally/medially rotates the humerus, Adducts the humerus NERVE(S): Lower subscapular nerve

Question 50

ORIGIN(S): Linea aspera (medial lip), Intertrochanteric line, INSERTION(S): Tibial tuberosity

Answer 50

VASTUS MEDIALIS (FIG. 21.82) ACTION(S): Extends the knee NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

Question 51

Abduction of the wrist.

Answer 51

Flexor carpi radialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 52

ORIGIN(S): Inferior pubic ramus, INSERTION(S): Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

Answer 52

GRACILIS (FIG. 21.74) ACTION(S): Adducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed) NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

Question 53

Flexion of the hip.

Answer 53

Psoas major, Iliacus, Tensor fasciae latae, Rectus femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Adductor magnus, Pectineus

Question 54

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus INSERTION(S): Olecranon process, Superior eighth of the posterior ulnar shaft

Answer 54

ANCONEUS (FIG. 21.50) ACTION(S): Extends the elbow - Locks out the elbow NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 55

ORIGIN(S): Superficial fascia of the deltoid, Superficial fascia of pectoralis major INSERTION(S): Mandible, Muscles around the angle of the mouth, Superficial fascia of the lower face

Answer 55

PLATYSMA (FIG. 21.106) ACTION(S): Tenses the skin of the anterior neck (creating ridges), Pulls the corner of the mouth downward and backward, Depresses the mandible NERVE(S): Facial nerve (cranial nerve VIl)

Question 56

ORIGIN(S): Trapezium, Transverse carpal ligament, INSERTION(S): Anterior metacarpal l

Answer 56

OPPONENS POLLICIS (FIG. 21.59 ACTION(S): Opposes the thumb (adduction), Flexes the thumb NERVE(S): Median nerve

Question 57

ORIGIN(S): Infraspinous fossa of the scapula, INSERTION(S): Greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 57

INFRASPINATUS (FIG. 21.40) ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the humerus NERVE(S): Suprascapular nerve

Question 58

ORIGIN(S): Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, INSERTION(S): Styloid process of the radius

Answer 58

BRACHIORADIALIS (FIG. 21.48) ACTION(S): Flexes the elbow NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 59

Flexion of the shoulder.

Answer 59

Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid, Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii

Question 60

ORIGIN(S): Inferior pubic ramus, INSERTION(S): Proximal third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

Answer 60

ADDUCTOR BREVIS (FIG. 21.77) ACTION(S): Adducts the hip NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

Question 61

Retraction of the Mandible.

Answer 61

Temporalis

Question 62

Extension of the elbow.

Answer 62

Triceps brachii, Anconeus

Question 63

Flexion of the elbow.

Answer 63

Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis

Question 64

ORIGIN(S): Lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, Greater wing of the sphenoid bone (lateral portion) INSERTION(S): Condylar process of the mandible Temporomandibular joint capsule

Answer 64

LATERAL PTERYGOID (FIG. 21.110) ACTION(S): Excursion or laterally deviates the mandible (unilateral contraction), Depresses the mandible (bilateral contraction), Protracts the mandible (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

Question 65

ORIGIN(S): Ischial tuberosity, INSERTION(S): Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

Answer 65

SEMITENDINOSUS (FIG. 21.88) ACTION(S): Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

Question 66

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon, Coronoid process of the ulna, INSERTION(S): Midlateral radial shaft

Answer 66

PRONATOR TERES (FIG. 21.51) ACTION(S): Pronates the forearm, Flexes the elbow NERVE(S): Median nerve

Question 67

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon, INSERTION(S): Posterior base of metacarpal Ill

Answer 67

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS (SEE FIG. 21.56) ACTION(S): Extends the wrist, Abducts the wrist NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 68

Adduction of the wrist.

Answer 68

Flexor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 69

Flexion of the knee.

Answer 69

Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Popliteus

Question 70

ORIGIN(S): Hook of hamate, Transverse carpal ligament, INSERTION(S): Proximal phalanx of digit V

Answer 70

FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI (FIG. 21.61) ACTION(S): Flexes digit V (little finger) NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve

Question 71

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon INSERTION(S): Bases of metacarpals Il and III

Answer 71

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS (FIG. 21.54 ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Abducts the wrist, Flexes the elbow NERVE(S): Median nerve

Question 72

Dorsiflexion of the foot and ankle.

Answer 72

Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Fibularis tertius, Extensor digitorum longus

Question 73

ORIGIN(S): Ribs 7-12 (costal cartilage inner surface), Iliac crest, Aponeurosis of rectus sheath, Thoracolumbar aponeurosis, Inguinal ligament INSERTION(S): Abdominal aponeurosis

Answer 73

TRANSVERSE ABDOMINALS, ACTION, Compresses abdominal contents NERVE(S): Anterior rami of intercostal nerves

Question 74

Say Grace before Tea

Answer 74

PES ANSERINUS (FIG. 21.90)

Question 75

ORIGIN(S): Orbital margin INSERTION(S): Superficial fascia beneath the upper eyelids

Answer 75

ORBICULARIS OCULI (FIG. 21.104) ACTION(S): Closes the eyelids, Folds the skin around the orbit (to protect eyeball), Squints the eyelids NERVE(S): Facial nerve (cranial nerve VIl)

Question 76

ORIGIN(S): Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head), Coracoid process of the scapula (short head) INSERTION(S): Radial tuberosity, Bicipital aponeurosis

Answer 76

BICEPS BRACHII (FIG. 21.46) ACTION(S): Flexes the elbow, Supinates the forearm, Flexes the humerus NERVE(S): Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 77

ORIGIN(S): Superior two-thirds of the lateral border of the scapula, INSERTION(S): Greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 77

TERES MINOR (SEE FIG. 21.40) ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the humerus, Adducts the humerus NERVE(S): Axillary nerve

Question 78

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, Proximal eighth of the ulnar shaft, Radial collateral ligament, Annular ligament, INSERTION(S): Proximal lateral radial shaft

Answer 78

SUPINATOR (FIG. 21.52) ACTION(S): Supinates the forearm NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 79

ORIGIN(S): Nuchal ligament (level of C3), Spinous processes of C7-T4 INSERTION(S): Mastoid process, Superior nuchal line-lateral region

Answer 79

SPLENIUS CAPITIS (FIG. 21.114) ACTION(S): Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Extends the head (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Posterior rami of the middle cervical nerves

Question 80

ORIGIN(S): Inferior pubic ramus, INSERTION(S): Proximal third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

Answer 80

ADDUCTOR BREVIS (FIG. 21.77) ACTION(S): Adducts the hip NERVE(S): Obturator nerve

Question 81

ORIGIN(S): Anterior sacrum, INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

Answer 81

PIRIFORMIS (SEE FIG. 21.67) ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

Question 82

Flexion of the wrist.

Answer 82

Flexor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris, Palmaris longus, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 83

Protraction of the scapula.

Answer 83

Serratus anterior , Pectoralis minor

Question 84

ORIGIN(S): Lateral two-thirds of the superior nuchal line (occipitalis), Galea aponeurotica (frontalis) INSERTION(S): Galea aponeurotica (occipitalis), Superficial fascia beneath the eyebrows (frontalis)

Answer 84

OCCIPITOFRONTALIS (FIG. 21.103) ACTION(S): Moves the scalp over the cranium (occipitalis), Elevates the eyebrows (frontalis), Horizontally wrinkles the skin over the forehead (frontalis) NERVE(S): Facial nerve (cranial nerve VI)

Question 85

ORIGIN(S): Anterior iliac crest, Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), INSERTION(S): lliotibial band (TB)

Answer 85

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE (FIG. 21.72) ACTION(S): Abducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip NERVE(S): Superior gluteal nerve

Question 86

Inversion of the foot and ankle.

Answer 86

Tibialis anterior, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus

Question 87

ORIGIN, Posterior iliac crest INSERTION(S): Rib 12 (inferior surface), Transverse processes of L1-L4

Answer 87

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM (FIG. 21.121) ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Elevates the hip (unilateral contraction), Extends the lumbar spine (bilateral contraction), Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Lumbar plexus

Question 88

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of T7-L5, Ribs 9 through 12 (posterior surface), Posterior iliac crest, Posterior sacrum, INSERTION(S): Intertubercular groove of the humerus (medial lip)

Answer 88

LATISSIMUS DORSI (FIG. 21.36) ACTION(S): Extends the humerus, Internally/medially rotates the humerus, Adducts the humerus (posteriorly) NERVE(S): Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 89

ORIGIN(S): Transverse process of C1 INSERTION(S): Inferior nuchal line

Answer 89

OBLIQUE CAPITIS SUPERIOR (SEE FIG 21.115) ACTION(S): Extends the head, Laterally flexes the head NERVE(S): Suboccipital nerve

Question 90

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the femur (medial head), Lateral epicondyle of the femur (lateral head), INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon

Answer 90

GASTROCNEMIUS (FIG. 21.98) ACTION(S): Plantarflexes the ankle, Flexes the knee NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

Question 91

ORIGIN(S): Temporal fossa INSERTION(S): Coronoid process

Answer 91

TEMPORALIS (FIG. 21.108) ACTION(S): Elevates the mandible, Retracts the mandible NERVE(S): Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

Question 92

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of C7-T1 (minor) , Spinous processes of T2-T5 (major) INSERTION(S): Medial border of the scapula below the superior angle to the root of the scapular spine (minor) , Medial border of the scapula from the root of the scapular spine to the inferior angle (major)

Answer 92

RHOMBOID MAJOR AND MINOR (SEE FIG. 21.32) ACTION(S): Retracts the scapula , Downwardly rotates the scapula , NERVE , Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 93

Extension of the Head and Neck

Answer 93

Trapezius, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior minor, Oblique capitis superior, Longissimus

Question 94

ORIGIN(S): Posterior tubercle of C1 INSERTION(S): Medial inferior nuchal line

Answer 94

RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR (SEE FIG. 21.115) ACTION(S): Extends the head NERVE(S): Suboccipital nerve

Question 95

Upward Rotation of the scapula.

Answer 95

Trapezius (upper fibers) , Serratus anterior

Question 96

Supination of the elbow.

Answer 96

Biceps brachii, Supinator

Question 97

ORIGIN(S): Ischial tuberosity (long head), Sacrotuberous ligament (long head), Linea aspera; lower lateral lip (short head), INSERTION(S): Fibular head

Answer 97

BICEPS FEMORIS (FIG. 21.89) ACTION(S): Flexes the knee, Externally/laterally rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Tibial nerve (long head), Common fibular/peroneal nerve (short head)

Question 98

ORIGIN(S): Ribs 3 through 5 (lateral to costal cartilage) INSERTION(S): Coracoid process of the scapula

Answer 98

PECTORALIS MINOR (FIG. 21.34) ACTION(S): Depresses the scapula , Protracts the scapula , Downwardly rotates the scapula , Assists in forced inhalation (elevates ribs) NERVE(S): Medial pectoral nerves (C8 and T1)

Question 99

ORIGIN(S): Lateral distal half of the fibular shaft, INSERTION(S): Metatarsal V

Answer 99

FIBULARIS BREVIS (FIG. 21.96) ACTION(S): Everts the foot, Plantarflexes the ankle NERVE(S): Superficial fibular nerve

Question 100

ORIGIN(S): External ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines, INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

Answer 100

GLUTEUS MINIMUS (FIG. 21.71) ACTION(S): Abducts the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip (anterior fibers), Externally/laterally rotates the hip (posterior fibers), Anteriorly and posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Superior gluteal nerve

Question 101

ORIGIN(S): External ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines, INSERTION(S): Greater trochanter

Answer 101

GLUTEUS MEDIUS (FIG. 21.70) ACTION(S): Abducts the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip (anterior fibers), Externally/laterally rotates the hip (posterior fibers), Anteriorly and posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Superior gluteal nerve

Question 102

ORIGIN(S): Lateral third of the clavicle -anterior Acromion process - middle Scapular spine— posterior INSERTION(S): Deltoid tuberosity

Answer 102

DELTOID (FIG. 21.42), Greek: delta —triangular, ORIGIN(S): Lateral third of the clavicle -anterior, Acromion process - migdle, Scapular spine— posterior, INSERTION(S): Deltoid tuberosity ACTION(S): Flexes the humerus, Internally/medially rotates the humerus (anterior fibers) Abducts the humerus (middle fibers) Extends the humerus, Externally/laterally rotates the humerus (posterior fibers) NERVE(S): Axillary nerve

Question 103

ORIGIN(S): Inferior border of rib (above) INSERTION(S): Superior border of rib (below)

Answer 103

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS (FIG. 21.132) ACTION(S): Elevates the ribcage during inhalation, Maintains the intercostal spaces NERVE(S): Intercostal nerves

Question 104

Plantar Flexion of the foot and ankle.

Answer 104

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus

Question 105

ORIGIN(S): Posterior sacrum, Transverse processes of T1-T5 and L1-L5, Transverse processes of C5-C7 INSERTION(S): Mastoid process, Transverse processes of C2-T12, Ribs 4-12 (posterior surface)

Answer 105

LONGISSIMUS (FIG. 21.128) ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Extends the vertebral column (bilateral contraction), Extends the head (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Posterior rami of lumbar, thoracic, and lower cervical spinal nerves

Question 106

ORIGIN(S): Posterior tibial shaft—middle region INSERTION(S): Distal phalanges of digits I| through V (plantar surface)

Answer 106

FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.101 ACTION(S): Flexes digits Il through V at the DIP, PIP, and MTP joints, Plantarflexes the ankle, Inverts the foot NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

Question 107

Eversion of the foot and ankle.

Answer 107

Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Fibularis tertius, Extensor digitorum longus

Question 108

Extension of the wrist.

Answer 108

Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor digitorum

Question 109

(lateral) Rotation of the hip.

Answer 109

Psoas major lliacus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris, Gluteus maximus, Sartorius

Question 110

ORIGIN(S): Supraspinous fossa of the scapula, INSERTION(S): Greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 110

SUPRASPINATUS (FIG. 21.39) ACTION(S): Abducts the humerus NERVE(S): Suprascapular nerve

Question 111

Flexion of the Head and Neck

Answer 111

Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius

Question 112

Abduction of the shoulder.

Answer 112

Supraspinatus, Middle deltoid

Question 113

ORIGIN(S): Posterior ulnar shaft—middle region (longus), Posterior radial shaft-distal region (brevis), Interosseous membrane (brevis and longus) INSERTION(S): Posterior distal phalanx of the thumb (longus), Posterolateral proximal phalanx of the thumb (brevis)

Answer 113

EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS AND BREVIS ACTION(S): Extends the thumb (digit l) NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 114

Extension of the knee.

Answer 114

Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius

Question 115

ORIGIN(S): Iliac crest (anterior portion), Thoracolumbar fascia, Aponeurosis of rectus sheath, Inguinal ligament (lateral half) INSERTION(S): Ribs 9-12 (anterior lateral surface)

Answer 115

INTERNAL OBLIQUES (FIG. 21.119) ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column, Rotates the vertebral column, Flexes the vertebral column, Compresses abdominal contents, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Anterior rami of the intercostal nerves

Question 116

Excursion of the Mandible.

Answer 116

Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid

Question 117

Elevation of the Mandible.

Answer 117

Temporalis, Masseter, Medial pterygoid

Question 118

Abduction of the hip.

Answer 118

Piriformis, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius, Gluteus maximus

Question 119

ORIGIN(S): Anterior distal quarter of the ulnar shaft, INSERTION(S): Anterior distal quarter of the radial shaft

Answer 119

PRONATOR QUADRATUS (SEE FIG. 21.51) ACTION(S): Pronates the forearm NERVE(S): Median nerve

Question 120

ORIGIN(S): Posterior sacrum, Posterior coccyx, Posterior iliac crest, External ilium to the posterior gluteal line INSERTION(S): Gluteal tuberosity (25% of fibers), Iliotibial band (75% of fibers)

Answer 120

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (FIG. 21.69) ACTION(S): Extends the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 121

Medial Rotation of the shoulder.

Answer 121

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Subscapularis, Anterior deltoid, Pectoralis major

Question 122

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of C5-C7 (posterior surface) INSERTION(S): Rib 2 (superior lateral surface)

Answer 122

CALENUS POSTERIOR (SEE FIG 21.113) ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Elevates the second rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Anterior rami of cervical nerves

Question 123

ORIGIN(S): Pubic symphysis, Pubic tubercle INSERTION(S): Ribs 5-7 (costal cartilage anterior surface), Xiphoid process

Answer 123

RECTUS ABDOMINIS (FIG. 21.117) ACTION(S): Flexes the vertebral column, Laterally flexes the vertebral column, Compresses abdominal contents, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Anterior rami of intercostal nerves (T7-T12)

Question 124

ORIGIN(S): Anterior lateral femoral shaft, INSERTION(S): Tibial tuberosity

Answer 124

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS (FIG. 21.81) ACTION(S): Extends the knee NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

Question 125

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon, INSERTION(S): Metacarpal V

Answer 125

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS (SEE FIG. 21.56) ACTION(S): Extends the wrist, Adducts the wrist NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 126

Adduction of the shoulder.

Answer 126

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Teres minor, Pectoralis major, Coracobrachialis, Triceps brachii

Question 127

External (lateral) Rotation of the shoulder.

Answer 127

infraspinatus, Teres minor, Posterior deltoid

Question 128

ORIGIN(S): Ischial tuberosity, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus INSERTION(S): Linea aspera (medial lip), Adductor tubercle of the femur

Answer 128

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (FIG. 21.75 ACTION(S): Adducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Extends the hip NERVE(S): Sciatic and obturator nerves

Question 129

ORIGIN(S): Posterior ulnar and radial shaft-middle region (longus), Interosseous membrane (longus), Trapezium (brevis), Scaphoid (brevis), Transverse carpal ligament (brevis) INSERTION(S): Lateral metacarpal I (longus), Lateral proximal phalanx of the thumb (brevis)

Answer 129

ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.57) AND BREVIS (FIG. 21.60) ACTION(S): Abducts the thumb (longus and brevis) NERVE(S): Radial nerve (longus), Median nerve (brevis)

Question 130

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon, Medial olecranon, Posterior proximal two thirds of the ulna INSERTION(S): Base of metacarpal V, Pisiform, Hook of hamate

Answer 130

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (SEE FIG. 21.54) ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Adducts the wrist NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve

Question 131

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of C7-T3 INSERTION(S): Ribs 2-5 (posterior surface)

Answer 131

SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR (FIG. 21.134) ACTION(S): Elevates the ribs during inhalation NERVE(S): Intercostal nerves

Question 132

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of C2-C7 (posterior surface) INSERTION(S): Rib 1 (superior surface)

Answer 132

SCALENUS MEDIUS SECTS 21.113) ACTION(S): Flexes the neck (bilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Elevates the first rib during forced inhalation (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Anterior rami of the cervical nerves

Question 133

Elevation of the scapula

Answer 133

Trapezius (upper fibers), Levator scapulae

Question 134

Pronation of the elbow.

Answer 134

Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus

Question 135

ORIGIN(S): Pisiform, Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris, INSERTION(S): Proximal phalanx of digit V (little finger)

Answer 135

ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (SEE FIG. 21.57) ACTION(S): Abducts digit V (little finger) NERVE(S): Ulnar nerve

Question 136

ORIGIN(S): Spinous processes of T3-T6 INSERTION(S): Transverse processes of C1-C3

Answer 136

SPLENIUS CERVICIS (SEE FIG. 21.114) ACTION(S): Rotates the head (unilateral contraction), Laterally flexes the neck (unilateral contraction), Extends the head (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Posterior rami of the lower cervical nerves

Question 137

Adduction of the hip.

Answer 137

Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Pectineus, Quadratus femoris

Question 138

ORIGIN(S): Posterior distal ulnar shaft, Interosseous membrane INSERTION(S): Middle and distal phalanges of the index finger (digit Il)

Answer 138

EXTENSOR INDICIS (FIG. 21.57) ACTION(S): Extends the index finger (digit Il) NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 139

Lateral Flexion of the Head and Neck

Answer 139

Trapezius, Levator scapulae, Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Oblique capitis superior

Question 140

ORIGIN(S): Lateral ischial tuberosity, INSERTION(S): Intertrochanteric crest

Answer 140

QUADRATUS FEMORIS (SEE FIG. 21.67) ACTION(S): Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Adducts the hip NERVE(S): Sciatic nerve

Question 141

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon INSERTION(S): Posterior middle and distal phalanges of digit V via the tendon of the extensor digitorum

Answer 141

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI (SEE FIG. 21.56) ACTION(S): Extends the little finger (digit V) NERVE(S): Radial nerve

Question 142

Retraction of the scapula.

Answer 142

Trapezius (middle fibers) , Rhomboids

Question 143

Downward Rotation of the scapula.

Answer 143

Levator scapulae, Rhomboids, Pectoralis minor

Question 144

ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the femur, INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon (distal portion)

Answer 144

PLANTARIS (FIG. 21.99), LatiNERVE(S): planta-sole, ORIGIN(S): Lateral epicondyle of the femur, INSERTION(S): Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon (distal portion) ACTION(S): Plantarflexes the ankle, Flexes the knee NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

Question 145

Depression of the Mandible.

Answer 145

Lateral pterygoid, Platysma

Question 146

ORIGIN(S): Posterior tibial shaft, Posterior fibular shaft, Interosseous membrane INSERTION(S): Plantar surfaces of most tarsals (navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, and calcaneus), Bases of metatarsals II, Ill, and IV

Answer 146

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR (FIG. 21.101) ACTION(S): Inverts the foot, Plantarflexes the ankle NERVE(S): Tibial nerve

Question 147

ORIGIN(S): Transverse process of one vertebral segment INSERTION(S): Spinous process of the first or second vertebral segment above

Answer 147

SPINALIS (FIG. 21.127) ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Extends the vertebral column (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Posterior rami of thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves

Question 148

ORIGIN(S): Fibular head (longus), Proximal two-thirds of the anterior fibular shaft (longus), Lateral condyle of the tibia (longus), Anterior surface of the interosseous membrane (longus), Calcaneus (brevis) INSERTION(S): Middle phalanges of digits Il through V (longus), Distal phalanges of digits Il through V (longus), Tendons of extensor digitorum longus to digits Il through IV (brevis)

Answer 148

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS AND BREVIS (FIG. 21.93) ACTION(S): Extends digits Il through V (longus), Dorsiflexes the ankle (longus), Everts the foot (longus), Extends digits Il through IV (brevis) NERVE(S): Deep fibular nerve (longus and brevis)

Question 149

ORIGIN(S): Posterior iliac crest, Posterior sacrum, Ribs 3-12 (posterior surface) INSERTION(S): Ribs 1-12 (posterior surface), Transverse processes of C4-C7

Answer 149

ILIOCOSTALIS (FIG. 21.129 ACTION(S): Laterally flexes the vertebral column (unilateral contraction), Extends the vertebral column (bilateral contraction) NERVE(S): Posterior rami of upper lumbar, thoracic, and lower cervical spinal nerves

Question 150

ORIGIN(S): Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon, Anterior proximal radial shaft, Coronoid process of the ulna INSERTION(S): Middle phalanges of digits Il through V

Answer 150

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS (SEE FIG. 21.54) ACTION(S): Flexes the wrist, Flexes the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) j NERVE(S): Median nerve

Question 151

Lateral Flexion of the trunk and vertical column

Answer 151

Rectus alodominis, External obliques, Internal obliques, Quadratus lumborum, Semispinalis, Multifidus, Erector spinae

Question 152

ORIGIN(S): Anterior inferior iliac spine (AllS), External ilium just superior to the acetabulum, INSERTION(S): Tibial tuberosity

Answer 152

RECTUS FEMORIS (FIG. 21.80) ACTION(S): Flexes the hip, Extends the knee, Anteriorly tilts the pelvis NERVE(S): Femoral nerve

Question 153

Internal (medial) Rotation of the hip.

Answer 153

Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae

Question 154

ORIGIN(S): Transverse processes of C1-C4 INSERTION(S): Medial border of the scapula (from superior angle to root of spine)

Answer 154

LEVATOR SCAPULAE (FIG. 21.32) ACTION(S): Elevates the scapula , Downwardly rotates the scapula , Laterally flexes the neck NERVE(S): Dorsal scapular nerve , Midcervical nerves

Question 155

ORIGIN(S): Ribs 1 through 8 or 9 (lateral to costal cartilage exterior surface of the ribs) INSERTION(S): Medial border of the scapula (anterior aspect)

Answer 155

SERRATUS ANTERIOR (FIG. 21.33) ACTION(S): Protracts the scapula , Upwardly rotates the scapula , Depresses the scapula NERVE(S): Long thoracic nerve

Question 156

ORIGIN(S): Superior border of rib (below) INSERTION(S): Inferior border of rib (above)

Answer 156

INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS (FIG, 21.133) ACTION(S): Depresses the ribcage during exhalation (forced), Maintains the intercostal spaces NERVE(S): Intercostal nerves

Question 157

ORIGIN(S): Posterior fibular shaft —middle region, Interosseous membrane INSERTION(S): Distal phalanx of the great toe (plantar surface)

Answer 157

FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS (SEE FIG. 21.101) ACTION(S): Hexes the great toe, Plantarflexes the ankle, Inverts the foot, Supports the longitudinal arch NERVE(S): Tibial nerve