Muscles of the Hip and Knee

Question 1

O: Transverse processes of T12-L5 (anterior surface), Vertebral bodies of T12-L5, Intervertebral discs of lumbar vertebrae,
I: Lesser trochanter

Answer 1

PSOAS MAJOR (FIG. 21.65)
A: Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Flexes the vertebral column (bilateral contraction), Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
N: Lumbar plexus

Question 2

O: Iliac fossa,
I: Lesser trochanter

Answer 2

ILIACUS (FIG. 21.66)
A: Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Anteriorly tilts the pelvis (bilateral contraction)
N: Femoral nerve

Question 3

O: Anterior sacrum,
I: Greater trochanter

Answer 3

PIRIFORMIS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip
N: Sciatic nerve

Question 4

O: Ischial spine,
I: Greater trochanter

Answer 4

GEMELLUS SUPERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip
N: Sciatic nerve

Question 5

O: Superior ischial tuberosity,
I: Greater trochanter

Answer 5

GEMELLUS INFERIOR (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip
N: Sciatic nerve

Question 6

O: Obturator membrane, Obturator foramen (interior border),
I: Greater trochanter

Answer 6

OBTURATOR INTERNUS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip
N: Sciatic nerve

Question 7

O: Obturator membrane, Superior pubic ramus, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus,
I: Greater trochanter

Answer 7

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS (SEE FIG. 21.67), Latin: obturare-obstruct externus-outside, O: Obturator membrane, Superior pubic ramus, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus,
I: Greater trochanter
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip
N: Obturator nerve

Question 8

O: Lateral ischial tuberosity,
I: Intertrochanteric crest

Answer 8

QUADRATUS FEMORIS (SEE FIG. 21.67)
A: Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Adducts the hip
N: Sciatic nerve

Question 9

O: Posterior sacrum, Posterior coccyx, Posterior iliac crest, External ilium to the posterior gluteal line
I: Gluteal tuberosity (25% of fibers), Iliotibial band (75% of fibers)

Answer 9

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (FIG. 21.69)
A: Extends the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 10

O: External ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines,
I: Greater trochanter

Answer 10

GLUTEUS MEDIUS (FIG. 21.70)
A: Abducts the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip (anterior fibers), Externally/laterally rotates the hip (posterior fibers), Anteriorly and posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

O: External ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines,
I: Greater trochanter

Answer 11

GLUTEUS MINIMUS (FIG. 21.71)
A: Abducts the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip (anterior fibers), Externally/laterally rotates the hip (posterior fibers), Anteriorly and posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 12

O: Anterior iliac crest, Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS),
I: lliotibial band (TB)

Answer 12

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE (FIG. 21.72)
A: Abducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Internally/medially rotates the hip
N: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 13

O: Inferior pubic ramus,
I: Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

Answer 13

GRACILIS (FIG. 21.74)
A: Adducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed)
N: Obturator nerve

Question 14

O: Ischial tuberosity, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus
I: Linea aspera (medial lip), Adductor tubercle of the femur

Answer 14

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (FIG. 21.75
A: Adducts the hip, Flexes the hip, Extends the hip
N: Sciatic and obturator nerves

Question 15

O: Anterior pubic body,
I: Middle third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

Answer 15

ADDUCTOR LONGUS (FIG. 21.76
A: Adducts the hip
N: Obturator nerve

Question 16

O: Inferior pubic ramus,
I: Proximal third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

Answer 16

ADDUCTOR BREVIS (FIG. 21.77)
A: Adducts the hip
N: Obturator nerve

Question 17

O: Inferior pubic ramus,
I: Proximal third of the linea aspera (medial lip)

Answer 17

ADDUCTOR BREVIS (FIG. 21.77)
A: Adducts the hip
N: Obturator nerve

Question 18

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AllS), External ilium just superior to the acetabulum,
I: Tibial tuberosity

Answer 18

RECTUS FEMORIS (FIG. 21.80)
A: Flexes the hip, Extends the knee, Anteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Femoral nerve

Question 19

O: Anterior lateral femoral shaft,
I: Tibial tuberosity

Answer 19

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS (FIG. 21.81)
A: Extends the knee
N: Femoral nerve

Question 20

O: Linea aspera (medial lip), Intertrochanteric line,
I: Tibial tuberosity

Answer 20

VASTUS MEDIALIS (FIG. 21.82)
A: Extends the knee
N: Femoral nerve

Question 21

O: Linea aspera (lateral lip), Gluteal tuberosity,
I: Tibial tuberosity

Answer 21

VASTUS LATERALIS (FIG. 21.83)
A: Extends the knee
N: Femoral nerve

Question 22

O: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS),
I: Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

Answer 22

SARTORIUS (FIG. 21.84)
A: Flexes the hip, Externally/laterally rotates the hip, Abducts the hip, Flexes the knee
N: Femoral nerve

Question 23

O: Lateral condyle of femur,
I: Posterior proximal tibial shaft

Answer 23

POPLITEUS (FIG. 21.85)
A: Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed)
N: Tibial nerve

Question 24

O: Ischial tuberosity,
I: Medial condyle of the tibia

Answer 24

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS (FIG. 21.87)
A: Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
N: Tibial nerve

Question 25

O: Ischial tuberosity, I: Medial proximal tibial shaft (at pes anserinus)

Answer 25

SEMITENDINOSUS (FIG. 21.88) A: Flexes the knee, Internally/medially rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis N: Tibial nerve

Question 26

O: Ischial tuberosity (long head), Sacrotuberous ligament (long head), Linea aspera; lower lateral lip (short head), I: Fibular head

Answer 26

BICEPS FEMORIS (FIG. 21.89) A: Flexes the knee, Externally/laterally rotates the knee (when the knee is flexed), Extends the hip, Posteriorly tilts the pelvis N: Tibial nerve (long head), Common fibular/peroneal nerve (short head)

Question 27

Say Grace before Tea

Answer 27

PES ANSERINUS (FIG. 21.90)

Question 28

Flexion of the hip.

Answer 28

Psoas major, Iliacus, Tensor fasciae latae, Rectus femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Adductor magnus, Pectineus

Question 29

Extension of the hip.

Answer 29

Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Adductor magnus

Question 30

Abduction of the hip.

Answer 30

Piriformis, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius, Gluteus maximus

Question 31

Adduction of the hip.

Answer 31

Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Pectineus, Quadratus femoris

Question 32

Internal (medial) Rotation of the hip.

Answer 32

Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae

Question 33

(lateral) Rotation of the hip.

Answer 33

Psoas major lliacus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris, Gluteus maximus, Sartorius

Question 34

Flexion of the knee.

Answer 34

Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Popliteus

Question 35

Extension of the knee.

Answer 35

Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius