All Nature vs. Nurture Unit cards

Question 1

“Nature” refers to ______ reasons that explain human behavior.

Answer 1

genetic

Question 2

“Nurture” refers to ______ reasons that explain human behavior.

Answer 2

environmental

Question 3

What did Dmitry Belyaev’s experiment show?

Answer 3

Selective breeding for traits could result in changes in personality and physical appearance.

Question 4

Whose experiment showed that selective breeding for traits could result in changes in personality and physical appearance.

Answer 4

Dmitry Belyaev

Question 5

Evolutionary psychology theorizes that some human behaviors are the result of Darwin’s concept of ‘ _____________ selection.’

Answer 5

natural

Question 6

Evolutionary explanations of human behavior have been criticized for various reasons. Name two of them.

Answer 6

(have a response ready for the test)

Question 7

Describe the process of ‘natural selection’

Answer 7

(have a response ready for the test)

Question 8

How does evolutionary psychology explain the behavioral differences between men and women?

Answer 8

Males have a better chance of sending their genes into the future if they mate widely, so they tend to be more promiscuous. Women have a better chance of sending their genes in to the future if they mate wisely, so they tend to be more selective about the mates they choose.

Question 9

Name three traits that tend to be common to all human societies and all cultures?

Answer 9

(have a response ready for the test)

Question 10

What portion of our DNA letter sequence is the same as that of all other human beings?

Answer 10

99.9%

Question 11

Separated twin studies are studies that keep __________ factors constant while varying _______ factors.

Answer 11

genetic/heredity ; environmental

Question 12

What is the difference between identical twins and fraternal twins?

Answer 12

Identical twins come from the same fertilized egg while fraternal twins come from two different fertilized eggs.

Question 13

Put the following sets of people in order from most similar in personality, temperament, and interests to least similar in these traits: Fraternal twins, Identical twins, adopted children and their adoptive parents

Answer 13

Identical twins, fraternal twins, adoptive parents and their adoptive parents

Question 14

What did Thomas Bouchard find about identical twins who were separated and raised in different homes?

Answer 14

Even though raised separately, they were very similar to each other in personality and interests.

Question 15

Adoption studies try to separate personality traits that are inherited from personality traits that can be attributed to environmental factors. What method is used for the study?

Answer 15

They study children who have been adopted and compare their personalities to the personalities of their adoptive parents and their biological parents.

Question 16

Adoptions studies have found that children who are adopted are likely to be more similar in personality to their ___________ (biological or adoptive?) parents.

Answer 16

biological

Question 17

When we refer to a person’s emotional excitability, like being ‘reactive’ or ‘intense’ as opposed to ‘easy-going’ or ‘quiet’, we are referring to their ___________ .

Answer 17

temperament

Question 18

temperament

Answer 18

a person’s emotional excitability, like being ‘reactive’ or ‘intense’ as opposed to ‘easy-going’ or ‘quiet’, we are referring to their ___________ .

Question 19

In Rosenweig’s studies of rats, what was the test factor and what was the control factor?

Answer 19

The test factor (the factor that was varied) was the type of environment the rats were placed in; normal, impoverished, or enriched. The control factor was their heredity; all three rats came from the same litter (born at the same time and from the same mother)

Question 20

What were the results of Rosenweig’s study on rat environments?

Answer 20

Rats that grew up in enriched environments had heavier brains than the rats growing up in impoverished environments.

Question 21

A child is more likely to eat a new food if _________ (parents or peers?) tell them to eat it.

Answer 21

peers

Question 22

A child who hears one accent at home and another at school is most likely to acquire the accent heard at ________ (home or school?)

Answer 22

school

Question 23

A teenager is more likely to smoke cigarettes if they have ______ (parents or friends?) that smoke.

Answer 23

friends

Question 24

What is ‘culture’?

Answer 24

A set of shared attitudes, behaviors, and ideas

Question 25

A set of shared attitudes, behaviors, and ideas.

Answer 25

Culture

Question 26

Obedience is a trait that tends to be more stressed by __________ cultures. (Asian and African or Western?)

Answer 26

Asian and African

Question 27

A person’s religious and political beliefs are most likely to be similar to their __________ (parents’ or peers’?)

Answer 27

parents

Question 28

Independence and individuality are traits that tend to be more stressed by __________ cultures. (Asian and African or Western?)

Answer 28

Western

Question 29

What conclusions have been made about personality and temperament when studying a person’s development over time?

Answer 29

A person’s temperament tends to stay about the same over their lifetime.

Question 30

Using the terms ‘natural selection’, ‘reproduction’, ‘genes’, and ‘human nature’ how does evolutionary-psychology explain some traits in humans.

Answer 30

(Have your response ready for the test.)