All notes semester 1 Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
What is the softest mineral?
A
Talc
2
Q
What is the hardest mineral?
A
Diamond
3
Q
What is the scale of hardness?
A
Mohs scale of hardness
4
Q
What mineral has a hardness of 2?
A
Gypsum
5
Q
What mineral has a hardness of 3?
A
Calcite
6
Q
What mineral has a hardness of 4?
A
Fluorite
7
Q
What mineral has a hardness of 5?
A
Hematite
8
Q
What mineral has a hardness of 6?
A
Orthoclase
9
Q
What mineral has a hardness of 7?
A
Quartz
10
Q
What mineral has a hardness of 8?
A
Topaz
11
Q
What is quartz chemical formula?
A
SiO2
12
Q
What mineral will react with a compass?
A
Magnetite
13
Q
Galena
A
Colour - Lead grey* Lustre - Metallic Streak - Black* Hardness - 2.5 Density - High Cleavage -Cubic/3 lines of cleavage at 90 degrees* Comment - Looks like a pencil tip
14
Q
Sphalerite
A
Colour - Dark grey* Lustre - Metallic Streak - Brown* Hardness - 4 Density - High Cleavage - Fractured/6 cleavage planes Comment - Sparkles
15
Q
Pyrite
A
Colour - Gold* Lustre - Metallic Streak - Grey* Hardness - 6.5 Density - Medium Cleavage - 2 at 90 degrees* Comment - Gold squares in black sometimes.
16
Q
Chalcopyrite
A
Colour - Yellow/Gold* Lustre - Metallic Streak - Black* Hardness - 4 Density - Medium Cleavage - 2 poor Comment - Black in many examples.
17
Q
Marcasite
A
Colour - Orange/grey* Lustre -Earthy Streak - Orange* Hardness - 6.5 Density - Medium Cleavage - One Comment - Tubes or half spheres*
18
Q
Arsenopyrite
A
Colour - Grey* Lustre - Metallic Streak - Black* Hardness - 6 Density - High Cleavage - One Comment -White glassy bits in a metallic grey - smells like garlic when broken.*
19
Q
Stibnite
A
Colour - Silver* Lustre - Metallic Streak - Black Hardness - 2 Density - Low Cleavage - Grooves/striations* Comment - Elongated crystals*
20
Q
Quartz
A
Colour - White Lustre - Glassy* Streak - None Hardness - 7* Density - Medium Cleavage - Concoidal fracture* Comment - Clear* and often grey or white
21
Q
Amethyst
A
Colour - Purple* Lustre - Vitreous* Streak - None Hardness - 7* Density - Low Cleavage - Sometime concoidal Comment - Purple version of quartz
22
Q
Hematite
A
Colour - Dark grey* Lustre - Metallic Streak - Red* Hardness - 5 Density - High Cleavage - None Comment - Can be grey or red*
23
Q
Magnetite
A
Colour - Dark grey Lustre - Metallic* Streak - Grey Hardness - 6 Density - High* Cleavage - None Comment - Magnetic and will make compass move*
24
Q
Chromite
A
Colour - Grey* Lustre - Metallic/sparkly* Streak - None* Hardness - 5.5 Density - Medium Cleavage - None Comment - Plain looking with no crystals.*
25
Cassiterite
```
Colour - Yellow/White/Grey
Lustre - Metallic/glossy*
Streak - None
Hardness - 6.5
Density - Low
Cleavage - Poor
Comment - Obvious crystals in some specimens*
```
26
Halite
```
Colour - Clear*
Lustre - Vitreous*
Streak - None
Hardness - 2.5
Density - Low
Cleavage - Cubic*
Comment - Salty*
```
27
Fluorite
```
Colour - Brown/green*
Lustre - Vitreous*
Streak - None
Hardness - 4
Density - Medium
Cleavage - 4 cubes common*
Comment - Like a dirty quartz*
```
28
Calcite
```
Colour - Orange/Cream/Clear*
Lustre - Vitreous (sometimes hard to see)*
Streak - None
Hardness - 3
Density - Low*
Cleavage - 3
Comment - None
```
29
Malachite
```
Colour - Green/Bluey*
Lustre - Earthy*
Streak - Green*
Hardness - 4
Density - Medium
Cleavage - 2
Comment - None
```
30
Barite
```
Colour - Colourless/brown/cream*
Lustre - Vitreous (not always)
Streak - None*
Hardness - 3
Density - Medium*
Cleavage - 2 at 90 degrees
Comment - None
```
31
Gypsum
```
Colour - Clear/creamy*
Lustre - Pearly and Vitreous/Metallic
Streak - None
Hardness - 2.5*
Density - Low*
Cleavage - 3 or fiberous/striations*
Comment - Less dense than Barite
```
32
Tourmaline
```
Colour - Black*
Lustre - Pearly*
Streak - None
Hardness - 7.5*
Density - Medium
Cleavage - Striated*/Fibrous/none
Comment - None
```
33
Olivine
```
Colour - Green*
Lustre - Metallic/Glittery*
Streak - None*
Hardness - 6.5*
Density - Medium
Cleavage - None
Comment -None
```
34
Hornblende
```
Colour - Black*
Lustre - Pearly*
Streak - None
Hardness - 6
Density - Low
Cleavage - 2 (squared edges)*
Comment - None
```
35
Muscovite
```
Colour - Clear*
Lustre - Vitreous
Streak - None
Hardness - 2 or less*
Density - Low
Cleavage - 1 (Sheets)*
Comment - Flakey*
```
36
Orthoclase
```
Colour - Cream/yellow*
Lustre - Pearly
Streak - Differs
Hardness - 6*
Density - Low
Cleavage - 2 at 90 degrees*
Comment - None
```
37
Define Vitreous.
Glass like in appearance or properties.
38
What does PPL mean?
Plain polarised light.
39
What does XPL mean?
Cross polarised light.
40
What is a microscope eyepiece called?
Ocular.
41
How would you draw a microscopes field of view?
A circle with two halves for PPL on the left and XPL on the right. Annotate it describing colours, twinning, relief and names of minerals.
42
What kind of microscope do we use to look at thin-sections?
Petrological microscope.
43
What does olivine look like in thin section?
Pink/Blue very bright colours. Edges not smooth. High relief.
44
What are completely black spots in thin section?
Opaques. Can't be identified.
45
What does Pyroxene look like in thin section?
Orange.
46
What should be identified in thin section?
Crystal size, mineralogy, mode, texture and draw a diagram. Finally name and classification.
47
Describe porphyritic granite.
-Porphyritic rock.
-Large crystals embedded in a finer groundmass
-Phenocrysts of alkali feldspar (pink)
-Contains plagioclase feldspar, quartz, amphibole and
sometimes biotie or muscovite mica.
-Inequigranular texture
-Subhedral crystals
48
What are euhedral crystals?
Well formed, sharp crystal faces.
49
What are anhedral crystals?
No well formed crystal faces.
50
Describe olivine gabbro.
-Contains Plagioclase feldspar, olivine, pyroxene and
small amounts of amphibole and biotite mica.
-Inequigranular texture
-Subhedral crystals
51
Describe hornblende quartz diorite.
- Contains Hornblende, plagioclase feldspar, quartz and alkali feldspar.
- Inequigranular texture
- Euhedral crystals
- Some elongated crystals
52
Describe fine grained dolerite.
- Contains plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, hornblend, alkali feldspar and quartz.
- Equigranular texture
- Rapid cooling
53
What does lustre mean?
The way light is reflected from mineral surfaces.
54
What is the systematic way of recording mineral specimens?
Colour, streak, lustre, density, cleavage, fracture, hardness and others e.g taste.
55
How would you identify Alkali Feldspar?
```
Also known a K/potassium feldspar.
Pink*/grey/white.
Isolated grains.
Two cleavage planes at 90 = sharp edges.
Pearly.
```
56
How would you identify Plagioclase Feldspar?
White/grey/green.
Isolated grains.
Two cleavage planes at 90 = sharp edges.
Striations.
57
How would you identify Quartz? In hand specimen.
Usually colourless, some coloured hues, grey.
Can be very fine or large crystals.
Glassy.
58
How would you identify Amphibole/Hornblende?
Long crystals.
| Fibrous.
59
How would you identify Biotite Mica?
Black/dark brown.
Soft - easy to scratch.
Shiny.
60
How would you identify Muscovite Mica?
Colourless, grey/green tint.
Soft - easy to scratch.
Disk shaped crystals from some angles.
61
How would you identify Olivine? In hand specimen.
Olive/grey/brown/green.
| Glassy.
62
How would you identify Pyroxene?
Granular.
Hard.
Dark coloured.
63
How do you fully describe an igneous rock?
Colour (general and of individual crystals), crystal size, mineralogy, mode (% of each mineral) and texture (relationship between crystals).
64
What are the different crystal sizes in a rock?
Fine-grained (<1mm), Medium-grained (1-5mm) and cours-grained (>5mm)
