all of it Flashcards
(39 cards)
Matter
Anything with mass and volume
Physical property
Something we can measure by seeing it
Physical change
a change in shape, texture, temperature
Melting point
the point at which a substance melts
Boiling point
the point at which a substance boils
Freezing point
the point at which a substance freezes
Element
A substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances
Compound
Pure substance made up of 2 or more elements bonded together chemically
Mixture
A mix of at least 2 substances that do not join together chemically
Solution
A mixture where 2 or more substances can’t be told apart from each other
Chemical property
Describes the ability of a substance to chemically react with another substance to produce a new chemical. This can only be seen when a chemical reaction occurs
Chemical reaction
Atoms are rearranged to form a new substance
Electron
Negatively charged subatomic particle, found in the valence shells around the nucleus, charge of -1, relative mass is 1 over 2000
Nucleus
Central core of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons
Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus, charge of +1, relative mass is 1
Neutron
Neutrally charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus, charge of 0, relative mass is 0
Atomic number
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic mass
The combined mass of a single atom’s protons and neutrons
Metal
a shiny, malleable, ductile substance that conducts electricity very well
nonmetal
a substance that lacks the characteristics of a metal
metalloid
a substance that contains properties of both metals & nonmetals
alkali metal
far left side of the periodic table. Very reactive, just like halogens. They react with water and air. Soft enough to cut with a knife. They are common and almost always found in compounds. They all form ions with a charge of +1. They can bond with 1 other atom (combining capacity is 1).
alkaline earth metals
eft side of the periodic table, beside the Alkali metals. They form ions with a charge of +2. They have a combining capacity of 2. They are quite reactive, just not as much as Alkali metals
halogens
Non metals right beside the noble gases of the table. Very reactive and almost always found as compounds. They can have a charge of -1. They can bond with one other atom of an element (bonding capacity of 1).