All Q2 Flashcards by Mark Angelo Florencio

All the different forms of
life created by God.

Theory of special creation

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Lord Brahma created the living
world in one stroke

Hindu COncept

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God created this
universe, plants,
animals and human
beings in about
six days

CHRISTIAN &
ISLAM BELIEF

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life
originated elsewhere and
migrated to Earth

Cosmozoic theory

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Aristotle (384 –322 BC) Proposed
the theory of spontaneous generation
Idea that living things can arise from
nonliving matter

Abiogenesis

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an English scientist
claimed that there was a
“life force” present in the
molecules of all inorganic
matter

John Needham

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Russian scientist hypothesized
that the atmosphere of primitive
earth contained gases like
ammonia, methane, hydrogen and
water vapour.

ALexander Oparin

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hypothesized
that the chemicals in the early
atmosphere, fueled by sunlight,
would spontaneously create
organic molecules

Urey Miller

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belief that life originates
from pre-existing life

Biogenesis Theory

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did an
experiment with flies
and wide-mouth jars
containing meat

fRANCISCO REDI

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Boiled soups for almost an hour and sealed containers by melting the slender
necks closed.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

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➢ cells tissues organs organ system organism

High degree of organization

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A pygmy seahorse camouflaging itself with its environment

. Evolutionary adaptation/ evolution and adaptation

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A jackrabbit’s ears opening wide, vividly showing its blood vessel

Regulation and Homeostasis

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A butterfly obtaining fuel in the form of nectar from flowers.

ENERGY PROCESSING

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A sprouting seed

Growth and Development

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A damselfly landing on a venus flytrap, with the flytrap rapidly closing its trap

Ability to respond to stimuli

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A garden showing lush vegetation and diverse animals

dEIVERSITY OR UNITY

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factors that living things react to

Respond to Stimuli

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used to run the prrocesses of life

require and use energy

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a relatively stable environment

homeostasis

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coined the term “cell” when he first observed tiny compartments in a sliced piece of cork from a mature tree in 1665. He gave them the Latin name “cellulae” meaning
small rooms

Robert Hooke

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was the first to see individual organisms and recognized them as living units in 1677

ANton Van leeuwenhoek

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introduce the concept that all plants made up of cell

Matthias Schleiden

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imtroduced animals are made up of cells

Theodore Schawann

he found out that cells divide to form new cells.

Rudolf Virchow

organisms whose lacks nucleus and other membrane

prokaryotes

contains nucleus

eukaryotes

control all the cell functions

nucleus

semi-permeable membrane that controls what goes into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

consists of a jelly-like substance where all the other parts of the cell are located.

cytoplasm

is made of stiff material that forms the outermost part of plant cells - This gives shape and protection to them.q

cell wall

are important in plant cells because it is where food is made - It contains chlorophyll which absorbs energy from the sun to make food for plants.

chloroplasts

store water, thereby maintaining rigidity to cells and provide support for plants to stand upright

vacuole

Power house of the cell

mitpchondria

Site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

Production of secretory protein synthesis

rough er

Produces Lipids

smooth er

Plays a role in modification, sorting, and packaging of substances

golgi body

break down food, bacteria and worn out cell parts also known as digestive sacs

lysosomes

Produce spindle fibers for cellular division

Centrioles

the reproductive organ of plants

flowers

important for the plant to attract pollinators

petals

male part of the flower

stamen

female part of the flower

pistil

the bottom of the flower that look like leaves

sepal

the part of a plant that attaches the flower to the rest of the plant

receptacle

is the process of tansferring pollen grains from the anther

pollination

the fusion of male gamete with female gamees to form zygote during sexual reproduction

fertilization

small part of parent's body grows into new organism

budding

parents separate into two or more piceses to form new organisms

regeneration

growth and development of embryo withouh ferilization of male

parthenogenesis

male and female join together to ensure fertilization

mating

males and female release the egg in the environment

external fertilization

joining of sperm and egg INSIDE the body after mating

internaol fertilization

the consumption of a substance by an organism

ingestion

is the physical or chemical breakdown of food, so that it can be absorbed into the blood stream.

digestion

uses adaptation in feeding food particles from the environment, which is usually aquatic.

filter feeding

Animals live in or on their food source.

Substrate feeding

Animals suck nutrient-rich fluid from a host or a source

fluid feeding

animals, such as us humans, take in large particle sized food

bulk feeding

Food is mechanically broken down by the teeth, increasing the surface area for the enzyme to work.

mouth

is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx.

Epiglottis

1.Secrete mucus 2.Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis

esophagus

Proteinase breaks down proteins into peptides.

stomach

Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine

gall bladder

* filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol and poisons.

liver

▪Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins

pancreas

short term storage which holds feces before it is expelled (imbakan ng tae)

rectum

A technique used to *ALTER or MOVE GENETIC MATERIAL (Genes) of LIVING CELLS

Genetic Engineering

any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

Genetically modified organisms

microscopic nerve cells that make up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

neurons

fibers that receive messages from other neurons

dendrites

fibers that send messages to other neurons

axons

* Neurons do NOT touch; there is a gap between them called aq

synapse

* Messages are sent across the synapses by special chemicals called

neurotransmitter

a mass of 100 billion neurons located inside the skull

brain

largest part of human brain - Responsible for: - Thought - Language - Senses - Memory - Voluntary movement

Cerebrum

at base of brain -Responsible for: - Muscle coordination - Balance - Posture

cerebellum

connects brain to spinal cord -Responsible for: - Breathing - Swallowing - Heartbeat - Blood pressure

brainstem

Column of nerves from brain to tailbone – protected by vertebrae of spine

spinal cord

visible bundles of axons and dendrites that extend from the brain and spinal cord to all other parts of the body

nerves

*is the process of gas exchange—the release of carbon dioxide and the uptake of oxygen that occurs between RBCs and alveoli

respiration

*is the actual mechanical intake of air

breathing

*Involuntary contractions of the diaphragm *Each contraction is followed by a sudden closure of your vocal chords, which produces the characteristic “hic” sound

Hiccup

warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled

nose

passageway for air, leads to trachea

pharynx

the voice box, where vocal chords are located

larynx

keeps the windpipe "open" trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs

trachea

keeps the windpipe "open" trachea is lined with fine hairs

cilia

Pumps the blood

heart

conduits through which blood flows

blood vessels

substance which carries the materials being transported.

blood

Located near center of your chest

heart

Carry blood away from the heart

arteries

Carry blood toward heart

veins

Connect arteries and veins

Capillaries

Get their color from hemoglobin – Hemoglobin is iron-containing protein that binds with oxygen * Shaped like round plates which are indented in center

Red blood cells

* Do not contain hemoglobin * Much less number than RBC’s (outnumbered 1000 to 1) * Produced from cells in bone marrow * Fight disease by finding pathogens * May live for days, months, or even years

white blood cells

contains the heart and all blood vessels, responsible for movement of blood nutrients, and gases

circluatory system

responsible for bringing oxygen and ridding out our bodies carbon dioxide

respiratory systen

includes your hair, nails and skin

integumentary system

receives and sends electrical messages throughout the body

nervous system

All Q2 Flashcards

(104 cards)