module 1-8 Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
the region where nuclear fusion takes place
A
the core
2
Q
energy is transported outward primarily by photons travelling trhough this region
A
radiation zone
3
Q
energy is transported through convection hot gas rises, erradiates their energy, and becomes cold
A
convection zone
4
Q
the layer of the sun that we see from the earth
A
photosphere
5
Q
emits a reddish glow as super hydrogen burns off
A
chromosphere
6
Q
it appears as white streamers or plumes of ionized gas that flow outward into space
A
corona
7
Q
darker, cooler area of the sun
A
sunspot
8
Q
regular released of short lived outburst from the sun
A
solar flares
9
Q
smallest planet and nearest to the sun
A
mercury
10
Q
is a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe
A
cosmology
11
Q
are formed in nebula
A
stars
12
Q
is a very large cloud of gas and dust in space
A
nebula
13
Q
is the process by which two nuclei combine and form heavier element
A
nuclear fushion
14
Q
is a cluster of billion of stars and cluster of galaxies
A
galaxies
15
Q
he announce the red shift theory that galaxies are moving away from each other
A
1929 edwin hubble
16
Q
is a faint glow of light that fills the universe
A
cosmic microwave background
17
Q
the brightest object in the sun and called earth’s twin
A
venus
18
Q
the only planet who can sustain life (Blue Planet)
A
Earth
19
Q
also known as the red planet because of iron oxide or rust in its soil
A
mars
20
Q
the largest planet and has 16 moons
A
jupiter
21
Q
composed entirely of hydrogen and helium and has many rings made of ice
A
saturn
22
Q
blue in color sue to methane gas
A
uranus and neptune
23
Q
is the layer of the atmosphere nearest to the earth. All weather happens here
A
troposphere
24
Q
contains high level of Ozone layer. almost no weather occurance here
A
stratosphere
25
coldest layer of the atmosphere. meteors burns up in this layer
mesosphere
26
hottest layer of the atmosphere. aurora happens here
thermosphere
27
outermost layer of the atmosphere. satellites orbits here
exosphere
28
thinnest layer of the earth
crust
29
is the boundary between the crust and mantle and was dicovered by Andrija Mohorovicic
Mohorovicic Discontinuity
30
solid but capable of flow. thickest layer of the earth
mantle
31
lies between planets silicate mantle
gutenberg discontinuity
32
composed of melted metals nickel and iron
outer core
33
is an absurt increase of S waves and P waves
Lehmann discontinuity
34
is the most abundant substance of the earth's surface
water
35
is the study of movement, distribution and quality of water in earth
hydrology
36
study of fresh water
limnology
37
study of ice on the earth
glaciology
38
study of oceans
oceanography
39
is the smallest ocean. located between europe and asia
arctic ocean
40
located between 60 degree south latitude of antarctica
southern ocean
41
between africa, southern ocean, asia
indian ocean
42
the largest ocean of the world
pacific ocean
43
refers to standing bodies of water (lakes, ponds)
lentic
44
refers to flowing bodies of water
lotic
45
process which transfers water from the ground back to the atmosphere
evaporation
46
moisture is carried thorough plants
transpiration
47
water changes its state from vapor to a liquid
condensation
48
the clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth
precipitation
49
the process where water soaks into the ground
infiltration
50
physical features of the earth's surface that are constantly changing
land forms
51
the weathering process that causes substances that make up the rock to be changed
chemical
52
small particles that have been broken down by the weathering processes
sediments
53
can explain what may be holding galaxies together for the reasons that the low total mass is insufficient for gravity alone to do so
dark matter
54
can explain the observed accelerating expansion of universe
dark energy
55
large mounds of sand formed by wind erosion
dunes
56
formed by natural process on or inside the earth
natural
57
was never alive
inorganic
58
a mineral is a naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, etc
mineral
59
with definite shape and volume
solid
60
contains certain element
unique chemical composition
61
the particles of a mineral line up in a pattern
crytalline shape
62
solid with atoms arranged in an orderly pattern
crystal
63
magma cools slowly
crystals large
64
magma cools fast
crystals small
65
can be misleading
color
66
refers to the mineral reflects light from the surface
luster
67
color of powder form of mineral
streak
68
the way mineral breaks
cleavage and fracture
69
break along smooth surfaces
cleavage
70
break at rough surfaces
fracture
71
how easily mineral scratches
hardness
72
forms when molten rock magma cools down and harden
igneous rock
73
cooling takes place SLOWLY BENEATH earth surface
intrusive igneous rock
74
cooling takes place RAPIDLY on earth's surface
extrusive igneous rock
75
forms from the compaction or cementations of sediments
sedimentary rock
76
forms when any rock is changed into a different kind of rock due to great heat and pressure
metamorphic rock
77
is an ongoing series of processes inside the earth and on earth surface
rock cycle
78
the weathering process that changes rock to smaller pieces without changing their composition
Mechanical or physical weathering
79
Water freezes in the cracks of rock and wedges pushes it apart because frozen water expands
Frost or Ice wedging
80
the wearing away of rock material by grinding action. it is caused by sediments
abrasion
81
sand blasting effect on stationary rock
wind abrasion
82
water and sediments flowing from border
hydraulic abrasion
83
can split rock and dig hole
plant and animal abrasion
84
gradual peeling of layers
exfoliation
85
the weathering process that causes substances that make up the rock to be changed
chemical weathering
86
change in the composition of minerals when they react to water
hydrolysis
87
weathering the details of statues and tombstone
acid rain
88
minerals with iron result in a formation of rust and iron oxide
oxidation
89
areas that are cold and dry tend to have slow rates of chemical weathering
climate
90
the minerals that constitute rocks have different susceptibilities to weathering
rock type
91
is the removal and transport of material from one place to another
erosion
92
is a huge force of erosion
gravity
93
is any type of erosion that happens as gravity moves material down a slope
mass movement
94
is the most destructive type of mass movement. it is when rock and soil slide quickly down a steep slope
landslide
95
is arapid down hill movement of water, rock, and soil.
mudflow
96
is a mass of rock and soil suddenly slips down a slope
slump
97
is a very slow downhill movement of rock and soil
creep
98
is the process where wind blows loose sediment, removing small particles
deflation
99
is sediment that are deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake building up landform
delta
100
energy is transferred from one body to another as a result of difference in temperature
heat
101
the internal heat energy that gradually gathered together by means of dispersion
primordial heat
102
the heat generated by the decay of radio active isotopes of elements
radiogenic heat
103
heat moving from a warmer object to a cooler object
thermal energy transfer
104
atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neurons
isotopes
105
heat is transfered from one body to another without the movement of an object
conduction
106
is the movement that transfers heat within fluids and air
convection
107
is the energy transfer by electromagnetic waves
radiation
108
the theory that the earth's outermost layer is fragmented into dozen or pieces
plate tectonic theory
109
is a large rigid slab of slodi rock
plate
110
he is a meteorologist and astronomer
Alfred Wegner
111
who tought the continets fit together in 1912
ALFRED WEGNER
112
one land mass
pangaea
113
the northern part of pangaea
laurasia
114
southern part of pangea
gondwanaland
115
one sea or all sea
panthalassa n
116
the process that continually add new material to the ocean floor pushing older rock
sea floor spreading
117
determine how many years old something is
absolute
118
used to determine if something is older or younger
relative
119
naturally occuring preserved remains or impression of living things
fossils
120
age of bacteria
Pre Cambrian
121
Age of the Fish. Pangaea. Life Appears on Land
Paleozoic era
122
Almost all marine
organisms came into
existence
development of
organisms having the
ability to secrete calcium
carbonate and calcium
phosphate
Cambrian Period
123
Marks the
earliest
appearance of
vertebrates
The Jawless
fish and the
agnatha
Ordovician Period
124
Brought about the
emergence of
terrestrial life
Air breathing
scorpions and
millipedes were
common during the
period
Silurian Period
125
Shark and bony fishes developed
Devonian Period
126
Insects under rapid
evolution led to diverse
forms of giant
cockroaches and
dragonflies
Carboniferous period
127
Reptiles started to
dominate
PErmian Period
128
Age of the Reptiles. Pangaea broke apart during this period
Mesozoic
129
Dinosaurs began
to flourish
Jurassic Period
130
*Ended with the extinction of
dinasaurs
Cretaceous Period
131
Age of the Mammals”
Life: Large mammals
appear, Humans appear
CEnozoic
132
a big whirling mass of strong winds and rain moving in counter clockwise
trophical cyclone
133
semi organized group of thunderstorms
torpical depressions
134
during this time, the storm itself become more organized and bigins to become more circular in shape
tropical storm
135
eye develops
tropical typhoon
136
signal no 1
expected in 36 hours
has a wind of 30-60km per hour
137
signal no. 2
expected within 24 hours
has a wind of 61km to 120km per hour
138
it can bring light to moderate damage to high risk structures
signal no 2
139
signal no 3
winds of 121-170km per hour
expected in 18 hours
140
signal no 4
expected within 12 hours
has a wind of 171-185km per hour
141
signal no 5
has a wind of more than 220kmph
expected within 12 hours
142
when the discharge of a storm becomes so great that it exceeds the capacity of its channel
flooding
143
sweep accross the coast near the point where the eye makes landfall
storm surge
144
for some structure the force of the wind is sufficient to caused total ruin
wind damage
145
typhoon priginates from
pacific ocean
