All the required practical

Question 1

Measuring the gas produced rate of reaction for different condition

Answer 1

IV - temp or conc
DV - gas produced

React, calcium carbonate chips with hydrochloric acid and a clonal flask with bong and tube gas syringe or inverted measuring cylinder with water record volume of gas every 10 seconds using a stock clock

Plot against time to see the reaction
Gradient at any time is the rate at that time repeat for a different concentration of acid

Question 2

Measuring turbidity change

Answer 2

I’ve - temperature or concentration do - reaction time

Mixed reactants in chronicle flask over a piece of paper with cross on . while looking from above time how long it takes for the cross to disappear due to mixture going cloudy using a stopwatch
- repeat for different concentrations. Controls our volume/masses of reactant temperature of changing concentration or vice versa

Question 3

Chromatography

Answer 3

Draw a pencil start line and place a spot of in on the start line. The pencil line should be towards the bottom of the paper.
- secure the paper on a rod over a beaker with a small amount of distilled water, such as the bottom of the paper touches it but not the dot itself
- wait for the distilled water to move up the paper which also moves particles from the mixture upwards. The lighter particles are the further away they move up the stationary phase.
- measure the distance the substance has moved and also how far the solvent has moved. Calculate the RF values for each, and compare with known values to determine what substance the mixture is contains.

Question 4

Purifying water

Answer 4

Use a Bunsen burner to boil water in a conical flask with bong and tube, leading it to a test tube in a beaker of ice
- due to the colder temperature of the evaporated water will condense back into liquid form, leaving behind any impurities
- desalination is the term given to any process that remove salt for water