Allergies And Anaphylaxis

Question 1

Which first-generation antihistamines are most sedating

Answer 1

Alimemazine, promethazine

These are more sedating than chlorphenamine and cyclizine.

Question 2

What are the second-generation antihistamines?

Answer 2

Acrivastine, cetirizine, desloratadine, loratadine, fexofenadine

Second-generation antihistamines are less sedating.

Question 3

What conditions can antihistamines be used for besides allergies?

Answer 3

Nausea and vomiting, migraines, insomnia

Specific antihistamines like cinnarizine and cyclizine are used for nausea and vomiting.

Question 4

Which antihistamines are used for nausea and vomiting?

Answer 4

Cinnarizine, cyclizine, promethazine

These can help alleviate nausea and vomiting symptoms.

Question 5

Which antihistamine is used for migraine relief?

Answer 5

Buclizine (migraleve)

Buclizine is found in products like Migraleve.

Question 6

What is allergen immunotherapy?

Answer 6

Immunotherapy using allergen vaccines to reduce symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

It can include house dust mite, animal dander, or pollen extract.

Question 7

What is the role of bee/wasp venom extract in vaccines?

Answer 7

Reduces risk of severe anaphylaxis

These vaccines are part of allergen immunotherapy.

Question 8

What are the side effects of omalizumab?

Answer 8

Churg-Strauss syndrome, hypersensitivity reactions

These are potential adverse effects of omalizumab therapy.

Question 9

What should be done immediately in case of anaphylaxis?

Answer 9

Use auto-injector with IM adrenaline/epinephrine

Call emergency services and administer CPR if needed.

Question 10

What position should a patient be placed in during anaphylaxis?

Answer 10

Lie down and raise the patient’s legs

This helps improve circulation.

Question 11

What is the protocol if a pt does not improve after adrenaline in anaphylaxis?

Answer 11

Repeat after 5-minute interval if no improvement

This ensures the patient receives adequate treatment.

Question 12

What is the recommended non-sedating oral antihistamine after stabilizing a patient with anaphylaxis?

Answer 12

Cetirizine hydrochloride

This helps manage lingering allergic symptoms.

Question 13

What is the dosage of adrenaline for a child up to 6 months in anaphylaxis?

Answer 13

100-150mcg

This is the recommended dose for infants.

Question 14

What is the dosage of adrenaline for a child aged 6 months to 5 years?

Answer 14

150mcg

This dosage is specific for young children.

Question 15

What is the dosage of adrenaline for children aged 6-11 years?

Answer 15

300mcg

This is the appropriate dose for this age group.

Question 16

What is the dosage of adrenaline for individuals over 12 years?

Answer 16

500mcg

This is the standard adult dosage.

Question 17

According to MHRA, how many autoinjectors should be prescribed and carried at all times for anaphylaxis?

Answer 17

2 autoinjectors

Patients should carry them at all times.