Alliances And Shifts

Question 1

What was Eisenhower’s strategy?

Answer 1

To create a global network of alliances to encircle the USSR and China.

Question 2

What was a consequence of Eisenhower’s strategy?

Answer 2

US forces would be replaced by those of USA’s allies reducing the USA’s military presence in Western Europe.

Question 3

What was the USA’s strategy based on?

Answer 3

Providing a nuclear umbrella

Question 4

What does the term nuclear umbrella mean?

Answer 4

A form of deterrence that provide nuclear capacity that could be used to protect a range of allies.

Question 5

What does SEATO stand for? When was it created?

Answer 5

Southeast Asia collective defence treaty, September 1954

Question 6

Why did Dulles create SEATO?

Answer 6

In response to close Sino-Soviet relations

Question 7

Who were the SEATO members?

Answer 7

• Thailand
• Pakistan
• Great Britain
• France
• US
  -Australia
• New Zealand
• Philippines

Question 8

How was SEATO different to NATO?

Answer 8

The countries had few common boarders and spread over a wide area.

Question 9

What countries weren’t included in SEATO? Why was this important?

Answer 9

Burma, South Vietnam, Loas, Cambodia
In need of protection

Question 10

What does FRG stand for?

Answer 10

Federal Republic of Germany

Question 11

Who was the first chancellor of the FRG?

Answer 11

Konrad Adenauer

Question 12

What did Konrad Adenauer believe would strengthen the FRG?

Answer 12

Align West Germany to the Western Powers

Question 13

Who supported the regeneration of Germany?

Answer 13

USA

Question 14

What did the FRG join in November 1949?

Answer 14

Council of Europe

Question 15

What did joining the Council of Europe allow FRG to do?

Answer 15

Have direct representation on the Organisation of European Economic Cooperation

Question 16

How was the General Treaty, May 1955 significant for the FRG?

Answer 16

Recognised its full sovereignty however, kept the German Army limited in size and under strict civilian control.

Question 17

When did West Germany become a member of NATO?

Answer 17

May 1955

Question 18

What was the USSR’s response to the FRG joining NATO?

Answer 18

• USSR recognised sovereignty of the GDR
• created Warsaw Pact

Question 19

When was the Warsaw Pact founded?

Answer 19

May 1955

Question 20

What was the purpose of the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 20

Legitimised the Soviet Union’s influence in Eastern Europe. Same as NATO in W.Europe.

Question 21

Who were the Warsaw Pact members?

Answer 21

• Czechoslovakia
• USSR
• Bulgaria
• Romania
• Albania
• East Germany
• Poland
• Hungary

Question 22

What was the Warsaw Pact presented as?

Answer 22

Collective security strategy (non threatening alliance)

Question 23

What did article 4 of the Warsaw Pact state?

Answer 23

If any of the members were attacked all other members will provide assistance including armed force.

Question 24

What did article 5 of the Warsaw Pact state?

Answer 24

All members will have a joint command for their armed forces.

Question 25

True or False: Eisenhower’s national security policy differed greatly from Truman’s?

Answer 25

False - the basis was the same

Question 26

What did Eisenhower rejected about Truman’s policy?

Answer 26

- commitment to a major expansion of USA’s conventional forces - believed containment was limited and ineffective as basis of foreign policy

Question 27

What 4 ideas made up Eisenhower’s New Look policy?

Answer 27

- Rollback - Massive retaliation - Brinkmanship - Domino theory (later in 1954)

Question 28

What is rollback?

Answer 28

Pushing communism and the power of Moscow back via peaceful means to end the Cold War.

Question 29

Who influenced Eisenhower’s New Look policy?

Answer 29

John Foster Dulles

Question 30

What was massive retaliation?

Answer 30

Reliance on nuclear weapons. This was more cost effective.

Question 31

What did NSC 162/2, Oct 1953, state regarding massive retaliation?

Answer 31

The USA forcefully displaying its determination to use nuclear weapons and its nuclear superiority against any aggressor was the most effective way of deterring aggression against Western Europe.

Question 32

What was brinkmanship?

Answer 32

Using nuclear strength to convince an opponent that there’s a risk of war up to the point when a nuclear war might break out.

Question 33

What was domino theory?

Answer 33

The idea that if one country fell to communism the last one will certainly fall very quickly.

Question 34

What is Indochina?

Answer 34

A geographical entity used when collectively referring to Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam and South Vietnam.